Successive removal

For color removal, ozonization has achieved the greatest practical importance as seen by the plethora of articles and patents on this method (147—163). Ozonization in combination with treatments such as coagulation, flocculation, carbon adsorption, uv irradiation, gamma radiation, and biodegradation significantly and successfully remove dye wastes and reduce costs (156,164—170). 

Amylases are exoen2ymes that attack amylose chains and result in the successive removal of maltose units from the nonreducing end. In the case of amylopectin, the cleaving stops two to three glucose units from the a-1,6-branching points. ( -Amylase [9000-91-3] is used for the production of maltose symps and for adjunct processing in breweries. The most important commercial products are made from barley or soybeans. 

Epimerization at C(5) has not been observed under the conditions discussed for the preparation of C(6) epimers (see Section 5.11.3.8.4). It is possible to prepare 5 -epipenicillins, however, as shown in Scheme 28. Note particularly the successful removal of the phthaloyl group (step iii) in this sequence, a procedure which leads to /3-lactam cleavage when C(5) is the R, or natural, configuration. Silylation of (35) followed by DBN treatment afforded (36), which corresponds to epimerization at C(3), and (37), which corresponds to epimerization at C(3) and C(6). No product corresponding to only C(6) epimerization was observed (76JOC2561). 

Tests in waters and soils should ordinarily be allowed to run for extended periods in excess of 3 years, with removals of specimens in groups after different time intervals. A desirable schedule for any extended test in a natural environment is one in which the interval between successive removals is doubled each time. For example, the first removal would be after 1 year, the second after 3 years, and the third after 7 years, and so on. On the other hand, test periods should not be significantly longer than the process or exposure time of the end-use requirement. The testing of inhibitors for use if pickling or cleaning treatments should be of a period commensurate with the practical requirement which may be for only a few minutes. 

Precipitated, washed and filtrated hydroxides consisting of wet powder contain two kinds of water. The first is moisture, i.e. water remainders that include adsorbed water. This kind of water can be successfully removed by diying at 100-200°C. The second type is molecules of water that are incorporated with tantalum or niobium to form hydroxides. Because hydroxyl groups form relatively strong bonds with tantalum or niobium, the separation of the second kind of water requires thermal treatment at higher temperatures [501],... 

Figure 5-11. XPS core level spccira recorded during successive removals of ihe aluminum layer oil PPV (adapted from 1551).

Triturating with diethyl ether was found to be necessary to successfully remove residual di-tert-butyl dicarbonate and di-tert-butyl iminodicarboxylate which may be produced as a result of residual traces of ammonia from step A. 

Triturating with chloroform is necessary to successfully remove a trace amount of 1-tert-butyloxycarbonylpiperidine-4-spiro-5 -(r-tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-hydantoin. 

CH3 —COrvS —CoA Acetyl-CoA Successive removal of acetyl-CoA (Cj) units... 

Horizontal completions in unconsolidated formations are being enhanced by a hydrochloric acid (HCl) breaker system for well clean up. Typically, the use of HCl in open-hole environments is avoided because of wellbore stability concerns. However, HCl successfully removes salt fluid loss control materials in wells without noticeable hole collapse [33]. 

A process that successfully removes filter-cake contains polysaccharide polymers and certain bridging particles and uses alkaline earth metal peroxides and zinc peroxide in an acidic aqueous solution [499,1239]. On soaking the filter-cake, a loosely adherent mass is left behind on the walls of the borehole. Thereafter, a wash solution in which the bridging particles are soluble is used to remove the remaining filter-cake solids from the sides of the borehole. 

This reagent has been shown by Fetters et al. (19) to successfully remove water and air from various hydrocarbon monomers. In some cases, the styrenic monomers can be passed through columns of silica and activated alumina followed by degassing to obtain anionic grade monomers. 

The production of green coffee beans involves successive removal of the outermost red skin and the pulp of the coffee berry, followed by removal of the mucilage, parchment covering, and, finally, the silverskin surrounding the green coffee bean (endosperm) (Figure 1). 

The second stage of treatment is assumed to follow an exponential decrease in removal rates. Applying the approach of Kuo, this stage is divided into two time intervals, T2A and T2 2, representing the successive removal of equivalent amounts of toluene, Miem2A = Mrem2 2 = 2.3151. The initial theoretical concentration in the gas phase for the time interval T2A is equal to the vapor pressure of toluene, Ca = 109 mg/L. The final vapor concentration for this interval Ca f can be calculated from the total residual concentration Ctf and the phase distribution equations 5 and 7-9 in Table 14.3 ... 

Of the four enhanced volatilization methods described above, documentation exists to support the contention that the low-temperature thermal stripping system has the greatest ability to successfully remove contaminants that are similar to gasoline constituents (i.e., compounds with high vapor pressures) from soil. The limitations of some enhanced volatization techniques can be attributed to the following ... 

Several works have been reported for macroscopically orientated biological membranes.106-109 The biomembrane alignment can be carried out mechanically or magnetically. The first one relies on the deposition of lipid bilayers on the surface of a rigid support (glass plates) such that the bilayer normal is perpendicular to the surface of the support itself. Small peptides and the lipid bilayers can be dissolved in organic solvents which are successively removed under vacuum.105 The re-hydration of the system in a chamber of an optimized temperature, humidity and time gives rise to the desired orientation. 

The bioslurry treatment successfully removed several of the PhC to non-detectable levels after 26 days three histamine H2-receptor antagonists (ranitidine, famotidine, cimetidine), two (1-blockers (atenolol, sotalol), one barbiturate (butalbital) and one antidiabetic compound (glibenclamide). The elimination of the sulfonamide antibiotics sulfapyridine (100%), sulfamethazine (91.0%) and... 

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