Alloys containing copper

A typical m el ter iastalled in a medium sized brass foundry contains 4500 kg of brass and its inductor is rated 500 kilowatts. Brass is an alloy containing copper and zinc. Zinc vaporizes at temperatures weU below the melting temperature of the alloy. The channel iaductor furnace s low bath temperature and relatively cool melt surface result in low metal loss and reduced environmental concerns. Large dmm furnaces have found use in brass and copper continuous casting installations. 

Only lead alloys containing copper below 0.08% have practical appHcations. Lead sheet, pipe, cable sheathing, wine, and fabricated products are produced from lead—copper alloys having copper contents near the eutectic composition. Lead—copper alloys in the range 0.03—0.08 wt % copper are covered by many specifications ASTM B29-92 (7), QQL 171 (United States), BS 334, HP2 Type 11 (Canada), DIN 1719 (Germany), and AS 1812 (Austraha). 

In a similar determination described by Lingane and Jones,11 an alloy containing copper, bismuth, lead, and tin is dissolved in hydrochloric acid as described above, and then 100 mL of sodium tartrate solution (0.1 M) is added, followed by sufficient sodium hydroxide solution (5M) to adjust the pH to 5.0. After the addition of hydrazinium chloride (4 g), the solution is warmed to 70 °C and then electrolysed. Copper is deposited at —0.3 volt, and then sequentially, bismuth at —0.4 volt, and lead at —0.6 volt all cathode potentials quoted are vs the S.C.E. After deposition of the lead, the solution is acidified with hydrochloric acid and the tin then deposited at a cathode potential of — 0.65 volt vs the S.C.E. 

These properties, coupled with its relatively low cost, make copper one of the most useful metals in modem society. About half of all copper produced is for electrical wiring, and the metal is also widely used for plumbing pipes. Copper is used to make several important alloys, the most important of which are bronze and brass. Both alloys contain copper mixed with lesser amounts of tin and zinc in various proportions. In bronze, the amount of tin exceeds that of zinc, whereas the opposite is tme for brass. The discovery of bronze sometime around 3000 bc launched the advance of civilization known today as the Bronze Age. Because bronze is harder and stronger than other metals known in antiquity, it became a mainstay of the civilizations of India and the Mediterranean, used for tools, cookware, weapons, coins, and objects of art. Today the principal use of bronze is for bearings, fittings, and machine parts. 

For equipment handling acetylene the pure metals, or alloys containing copper, silver, mercury, gold, must be avoided to prevent the formation of explosive acetylides. 

Surprisingly, we have found no comment on this sentence. If chrysocolla is malachite (copper carbonate), why can cuprous gold not be soldered with a brazing alloy containing copper, when copper can be dissolved in gold in... 

Partial oxidation over copper and silver has been reviewed by Voge and Adams and more recently by Hucknel. Adsorption and catalysis on alloys containing copper, silver, and gold has been covered by Moss and Whalley. ... 

Alloys containing copper can catalyse reactions that degrade base oils and benzatriazole and quinizarin are commonly used as yellow metal deactivators to prevent this. 

Boiling point, 0 120 Melting point. 8 Relativeden (water 1) 1.3 Solubility in water Relative molecular mass 40 Qrossformula HNaO COLORLESS VBCOUS AOUEOUS SOLUIION OF SODIUM HYDROXEIE Strong base which reacts violently with adds and corrodes aluminum, zinc etc. Attacks lead and alloys containing copper or silicon. Below 50°C does not attack steel, iron or tin. ... 

Nominal compositions of some commercial nickel-base alloys containing copper, molybdenum, or chromium are given in Table 23.3. The Ni-Cu alloys are readily rolled and fabricated, whereas the Ni-Cr alloys are less readily, and the Ni-Mo-Fe and Ni-Mo-Cr alloys are difficult to work or fabricate. 

Vents are susceptible to corrosion and proper choice of the material, e g., alloys or high chromium steel containing a chromium fraction greater than 10%, are preferred. However, if alloys containing copper are in contact with melt PP for an extended time they can cause degradation of the material. The location of vents is quite important for thin-walled mouldings where high injection speeds are necessary. 

Cuprous acetylide may also form spontaneously at places where copper or its alloys come to contact with acetylene. The acetylide does not form with any alloy containing copper but only when the content exceeds maximum allowable copper COTitent specific for the particular alloy. The explosions of laboratory and industrial apparatuses as a result of copper acetylide formation are a subject of many reports [12]. 

The major element used in these alloys is zinc. Additional elements are magnesium or magnesium plus copper, the use of which increases alloy strength. Alloys containing copper are among the strongest aluminum alloys and have been used as construction materials, primarily in aircraft applications. 

Zinc alloys containing copper, iron, antimony, arsenic, or tin are known to increase the zinc corrosion rate while zinc alloyed with cadmium, aluminum, or lead will reduce corrosion rates. - If enough gas pressure is generated, the sealed button cell could leak or rupture. In commercial use, the high surface area zinc powder is amalgamated with small amounts of mercury (3 to 6%) to bring the corrosion rate within a tolerahle limit. 

All metals and alloys are joined together by grain boundaries. The intergranular corrosion of steels, brasses, bronzes and aluminum alloys containing copper is of particular interest to engineers. Because of the importance of steels, the largest amount of work reported in the literature is on steels. It would be, therefore, appropriate also here to review the phenomenon of intergranular corrosion with a particular emphasis on steels. It would be appropriate, hence, to review... 

Even though copper has many useful properties, it is not a very strong metal therefore, alloys of copper with improved strength have been developed. Bronze was one of the first alloys ever produced. This alloy of copper and tin has been used for thousands of years because it could be made even in the low heat of a Stone Age campfire. Brass, another widely used alloy, contains copper and zinc. Many brass and bronze alloys also contain other metals to achieve certain physical properties. Some of the most important applications of bronze and brass are for plumbing fixtures, bearings, and art decorations. In addition, the tendency of brass and bronze alloys (unlike those of iron) not to spark when struck make them useful in applications where sparks could be dangerous. 

Suitable Alloys. Although almost all alloys can be coated, the 6000-series aluminum alloys produce the best bardcoat properties. As with the other anodize types, high-silicon die castings produce the lowest-quality coatings. Also, because the hardcoat process is sensitive to copper, alloys in the 2000 series should be avoided if possible. Alloys containing copper can be bardcoated, but only a relatively few commercial sources have the ability to coat these alloys with reliability. 

---