Biomedical applications, collagen

Collagen has been used in a variety of biomedical applications. Collagen fibres obtained from bovine intestine or the submucosal layer of sheep intestine, after purification but not loosing their original forms, has been used as sutures for closure of surgical or... 

Silk fibers or monolayers of silk proteins have a number of potential biomedical applications. Biocompatibility tests have been carried out with scaffolds of fibers or solubilized silk proteins from the silkworm Bombyx mori (for review see Ref. [38]). Some biocompatibility problems have been reported, but this was probably due to contamination with residual sericin. More recent studies with well-defined silkworm silk fibers and films suggest that the core fibroin fibers show in vivo and in vivo biocompatibility that is comparable to other biomaterials, such as polyactic acid and collagen. Altmann et al. [39] showed that a silk-fiber matrix obtained from properly processed natural silkworm fibers is a suitable material for the attachment, expansion and differentiation of adult human progenitor bone marrow stromal cells. Also, the direct inflammatory potential of silkworm silk was studied using an in vitro system [40]. The authors claimed that their silk fibers were mostly immunologically inert in short and long term culture with murine macrophage cells. 

In biomedical applications, transglutaminases have been used for tissue engineering materials such as enzymatically crosslinked collagen [60-63] or gelatin scaffolds [64-69]. Even melt-extruded guides based on enzymatically crosslinked macromolecules for peripheral nerve repair have been reported [70]. 

Finally, collagen can form a variety of collagen composites with other water-soluble materials. Ions, peptides, proteins, and polysaccharides can all be uniformly incorporated into a collagen matrix. The methods of composite formation include ionic and covalent bonding, entrapment, entanglement, and co-precipitation. A two-phase composite can be formed between collagen, ceramics, and synthetic polymers for specific biomedical applications. 

This chapter focuses and reviews on the characteristics and biomedical application of chitosan and collagen from marine products and advantages and disadvantages of regeneration medicine. The understanding of the production processes of chitosan and collagen and the conformation of these biomaterials are indispensable for promoting the theoretical and practical availability. The initial inflammatory reactions associated with chitosan application to... 

Collagen s promotion of wound healing has also been reported for many years. Collagen protein is a natural biopolymer that In isolated and purified form is extraordinarily suitable for biomedical applications. The physical, physicochemical, and biological properties of collagen make it an interesting component for so-called active wound dressings. 

In addition to its importance in the production of animal glue, collagen is the basis for gelatin, which forms when collagen fibers are denatured as a result of heating and then get tangled up with each other. Collagen is also used for various biomedical applications, see also Denaturation Peptide Bond Proteins. 

Rhee, W., et al. Bovine collagen modified by PEG, in J. M. Harris, Poly (ethylene glycol) Chemistry Biotechnical and Biomedical Applications, New York Plenum Press, 1992... 

Radhika M, Mary B, Sehgal PK (1999) Cellular proliferation on desamidated collagen matrices. Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol 124 131-139 Archana D, Dutta J, Dutta PK (2010) Synthesis, characterization and bioactivity with improved antibacterial effect of chitosan-pectin-titanium dioxide ternary film for biomedical applications. Asian Chitin J 6 26... 

Gelatin is a natural material based on animal proteins. It is derived from collagen, which is elongated fibrils and mostly found in fibrous tissues such as tendon, ligament, and skin. It is commonly used for biomedical applications due to its biodegradability and biocompatibility in physiological environments, in contact with living tissues (Ofokansi et al., 2010). 

---