Biomaterials transfection

Sakaguchi N, Kojima C, Harada A, Koiwai K, Kono K (2008) The correlation between fusion capability and transfection activity in hybrid complexes of lipoplexes and pH-sensitive liposomes. Biomaterials 29 4029 1036... 

Peng SF, Yang MJ, Su CJ et al (2009) Effects of incorporation of poly(y-glutamic acid) in chitosan/DNA complex nanoparticles on cellular uptake and transfection efficiency. Biomaterials 30 1797-1808... 

Bielinska, A. U., et al.. Application of membrane-based dendrimer/DNA complexes for solid phase transfection in vitro and in vivo. Biomaterials, 21, 877-87, 2000. 

Abstract Carbohydrates have been investigated and developed as delivery vehicles for shuttling nucleic acids into cells. In this review, we present the state of the art in carbohydrate-based polymeric vehicles for nucleic acid delivery, with the focus on the recent successes in preclinical models, both in vitro and in vivo. Polymeric scaffolds based on the natural polysaccharides chitosan, hyaluronan, pullulan, dextran, and schizophyllan each have unique properties and potential for modification, and these results are discussed with the focus on facile synthetic routes and favorable performance in biological systems. Many of these carbohydrates have been used to develop alternative types of biomaterials for nucleic acid delivery to typical polyplexes, and these novel materials are discussed. Also presented are polymeric vehicles that incorporate copolymerized carbohydrates into polymer backbones based on polyethylenimine and polylysine and their effect on transfection and biocompatibility. Unique scaffolds, such as clusters and polymers based on cyclodextrin (CD), are also discussed, with the focus on recent successes in vivo and in the clinic. These results are presented with the emphasis on the role of carbohydrate and charge on transfection. Use of carbohydrates as molecular recognition ligands for cell-type specific dehvery is also briefly... 

Eliyahu H, Siani S, Azzam T et al (2006) Relationships between chemical composition, physical properties and transfection efficiency of polysaccharide-spermine conjugates. Biomaterials 27 1646-1655... 

Duceppe N, Tabrizian M (2009) Factors influencing the transfection efficiency of ultra low molecular weight chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles. Biomaterials 30(13) 2625-2631... 

A variety of assays are being reported in the literature which measure the interaction of cells with biomaterials, be they surfaces of various textures or micro or nano-particulates. While considerable attention has been paid to proper preparation of the materials and their surfaces, less has been paid to the cells used as probes in such assays. We suggest that where possible, primary human cell cultures at relatively low PD numbers from isolation are used, of a cell type directly relevant to the material application, or in toxicity studies, the exposed tissue. We suggest very significantly erroneous conclusions may be drawn from assays using inappropriate cells. If sufficient quantities of low PD primaries are not available, it may be possible to use telomerase transfected cells with extended lifespan, but these must first be verified against the non-transfected cells in the assay to be employed. Furthermore, care must be taken to conduct such assays at a controlled temperature, preferably at the temperature the material will be subjected to in the body. 

Sokolova, V. V., Radtke, I., Heumann, R., and Epple, M. (2006), Effective transfection of cells with multi-shell calcium phosphate-DNA nanoparticles, Biomaterials, 27, 3147-3153. 

The electrospraying of biomaterials into cells is used in gene therapy and gene transfection. The biomaterial penetrates the cell by means of the intrinsic droplet charge that develops during electrospraying. ... 

Agarwal A, Unfer RC, Mallapragada SK, Dual-role self-assembling nanoplexes for efficient gene transfection and sustained gene delivery. Biomaterials, 2008, 29, 607-17. 

Figure 8 (a) Click glycopolymer synthesis and characterization data where x= 1 (Tri), 2 (Tr2), 3 (Tr3), or4 (Tr4).The degree of polymerization has been systematically varied from 35 to 100 [4,26], (b) Transfection data as determined by luciferase reporter gene assays in HeLa cells with polyplexes formed from Tr4 at N/P = 7 (PEI N/P = 5). As the degree of polymerization increases, the transfection efficiency increases, both in the presence and absence of serum (DMEM and Opti-MEM, respectively). In the absence of serum, the toxicity also dramatically increases with the polymer length. Part b adapted from Srinivasachari, S. Liu, Y. Prevette, L. E. Reineke, T. M. Biomaterials 2007, 28,2885. ... 

Apart from polyplexes, various nanoscale assemblies of cationic polysaccharides are also proposed to promote the surface-mediated delivery of DNA to cells. These approaches are classified into one of two broad categories (i) methods based upon the physical adsorption of preformed polyplex on polymeric surfaces like PLGA or collagen films and these polyplex functionalized films promoted surface-mediated transfection of cells in vitro and in vivof (ii) methods for layer-by-layer adsorption of DNA and cationic polymers on surfaces to fabricate multilayered thin films. Recently, degradable carbohydrate-based nanogels were proposed for codelivery of pDNA and therapeutic proteins. These systems were designed to possess stimuli-sensitive characteristics where the temperature-sensitive property of nanogels allowed the facile encapsulation of biomaterials, while... 

Tissue engineering scaffold for DNA delivery by cationic polymers. Biomimetic scaffolds can be encapsulated with growth factors and MSCs are seeded onto their surface [top]. Polymeric release bottom left) consists in the entrapment of the complexes between cationic polymers and DNA within the biomaterial for release into the environment. Conversely, substrate-mediated delivery bottom right), also termed reverse transfection delivery, employs the immobilization of complexes to the biomaterial. MSCs can internalize the complexes either directiy or by degrading the linkage between the biomaterial and DNA complexes. 

Dendrimers such as poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) and poly(propylenimine) (PPI) have also been studied for gene delivery in vitro and in vivo due to their high transfection efficiency. However, the toxicity of the dendrimers is of major concern for their medical use. Generally, in vivo toxicity of dendrimers is related to various factors, including their chemical structure, surface charge, generation and the dose of dendrimer used. Surface modification with PEG or replacement with low generation dendrimers have been reported to be able to improve the biocompatibility of these biomaterials. ... 

Kim A, Lee EH, Choi S-H, Kim C-K. In vitro and in vivo transfection efficiency of a novel ultradeformable cationic liposome. Biomaterials 2004 25 305-13. 

Sato, T, Ishii, T., and Okahata, Y. 2001. In vitro gene delivery mediated by chitosan. Effect of pH, serum, and molecular mass of chitosan on the transfection efficiency. Biomaterials 22 2075-2080. 

Corsi, K., CheUat, F, Yahia, L., and Fernandes, J. C. 2003. Mesenchymal stem cells, MG63 and HEK293 transfection using chitosan-DNA nanoparticles. Biomaterials 24 1255-1264. 

Jere, D., Kim, J. E., Arote, R. et al. 2009. Akt 1 silencing efficiencies in lung cancer cells by sh/si/ssiRNA transfection using a reductable polyspermine carrier. Biomaterials 30 1635-1647. 

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