Biodegradable paper

Seed tapes Seeds are embedded in a biodegradable paper tape that is laid in a drill (see facing page). Thinning is unnecessary. 

Microbial decontamination of effluents from phthalate esters. In Biodeterioration and Biodegradation. Papers of the 10th International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation Symposium, DECHEMA Monographs, ed. W. Sand. Frankfurt Schon Wetzler, pp. 607-10. 

A method for the fabrication of a multi-wall package has been described (19). The package consists of biodegradable paper layers, and sheets of adherent films. The film sheet may consist of a corn derivative or PLA. Further, stripes are positioned in such a way that the package is more easily foldable in a lateral direction than in a longitudinal direction. 

P. Simmons, D. Branson, and R. Bailey, "Biodegradability of 1,2,4-Trichloroben ne", paper presented at the 1976Association of Textile Chemicals and Colorist International Technical Conference, Chicago, lU., 1976. 

Several papers and patents describe treating dye-containing wastewaters with Fenton s reagent with and without other methods such as coagulation, incineration, biodegradation, etc (130,181—187). 

The initial use was as a blow moulded vessel for vegetable oil candles. However, because of its biodegradability it is of interest for applications where paper and plastics materials are used together and which can, after use, be sent into a standard paper recycling process. Instances include blister packaging (the compound is transparent up to 3 mm in thickness), envelopes with transparent windows and clothes point-of-sale packaging. 

Concerning the environmental behavior of a disodium alkyl sulfosuccinate, biodegradation in the presence of an algal species is described [113]. According to this paper, the degradation is 90% after 7 days if Spirogyra sp. is present. Alkylbenzenesulfonates are less degraded under the same conditions. 

Saski EK, JK Jokela, MS Salkinoja-Salonen (1996a) Biodegradability of different size classes of bleached kraft mill effluent organic halogens during wastewater treatment and in lake environments. In Environmental Fate and Effects of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents (Eds MR Servos, KR Munlittrick, JH Carey, and GJ van der Kraak), pp. 179-193. St Lucie Press, Delray Beach, FL. 

There are many polymers which have been used as physical matrices for controlled delivery of drugs. In this paper, these polymers are separated into water-soluble, biodegradable, and nonbiodegradable materials. A description of each class of polymers is presented. Examples of polymers from each class that have been used as drug delivery matrices and the criteria for their selection are included in this general review. 

A product is only considered to be totally biodegradable if all its single components can be degraded naturally. Currently, pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) are mostly based on non-biodegradable synthetic polymers such as polyacrylates, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and styrene block copolymers [124]. Therefore there is a growing demand for the application of biodegradable PSAs on naturally degradable products like paper and cardboard. 

In dentistry, silicones are primarily used as dental-impression materials where chemical- and bioinertness are critical, and, thus, thoroughly evaluated.546 The development of a method for the detection of antibodies to silicones has been reviewed,547 as the search for novel silicone biomaterials continues. Thus, aromatic polyamide-silicone resins have been reviewed as a new class of biomaterials.548 In a short review, the comparison of silicones with their major competitor in biomaterials, polyurethanes, has been conducted.549 But silicones are also used in the modification of polyurethanes and other polymers via co-polymerization, formation of IPNs, blending, or functionalization by grafting, affecting both bulk and surface characteristics of the materials, as discussed in the recent reviews.550-552 A number of papers deal specifically with surface modification of silicones for medical applications, as described in a recent reference.555 The role of silicones in biodegradable polyurethane co-polymers,554 and in other hydrolytically degradable co-polymers,555 was recently studied. 

Earthshell composite is made of biodegradable polyester, paper wastes and ground limestone. 

The waste products of a home include paper, containers, tin cans, aluminum cans, and food scraps, as well as sewage. The waste products of industry and commerce include paper, wood, and metal scraps, as well as agricultural waste products. Biodegradable wastes, such as paper fines and industrial biosludge, into mixed alcohol fuels (e g., isopropanol, isobutanol, isopentanol). The wastes are first treated with lime to enhance reactivity. Then, they are converted to volatile fatly acids (VFAs) such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, using a mixed culture of microorganisms derived from cattle rumen or anaerobic waste treatment facihties. 

Uses Solvent standardized hydrocarbon manufacturing paraffin products biodegradable detergents Jet fuel research rubber industry paper processing industry distillation chaser component of gasoline and similar fuels organic synthesis. 

The hydrochloric acid salt of 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine readily photolyses in water exposed to natural sunlight, but may not readily biodegrade in soil and aeelimated sludges. It has a strong tendency to partition to soils and sediments, a property which reduces the potential for human exposure (Boyd et al. 1984 Chung and Boyd 1987 Sikka et al. 1978). Once partitioned to soil, the compound apparently binds further with humie substances to form humie-like materials that presumably would be non-hazardous (Sikka et al. 1978). However, in a recent paper, Nyman et al. (1997) stated that dehalogenation of 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine to form benzidine (also a toxie substance) occurs in sediment/water mixtures under anaerobic conditions. 

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