Synthetic polymers biodegradable

A product is only considered to be totally biodegradable if all its single components can be degraded naturally. Currently, pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) are mostly based on non-biodegradable synthetic polymers such as polyacrylates, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers and styrene block copolymers [124]. Therefore there is a growing demand for the application of biodegradable PSAs on naturally degradable products like paper and cardboard. 

The new biodegradable synthetic polymer, CPAE can be formed into any desirable shape. A transparent thin film (about 0.02 mm thickness) was made from CPAE. 

P A Gunatillake, P.A., and Adhikari. R., Biodegradable Synthetic Polymers for tissue engineering, European Cells and Materials Vol. 5. 2003 (pages 1-16). 

Poly(vmyl alcohol) is one of the few truly biodegradable synthetic polymers the degradation products are watei and carbon dioxide. At least 55 species or varieties of microorganisms have been shown to degrade or participate in the degradation of PVA. 

During the same period, commercialization of thermoplastic starch polymer blends was pursued by Novamont, a division of the Ferruzzi Group of Italy.162-172 Their products, marketed under the trade name Mater-Bi, are typically comprised of at least 60% starch or natural additive and hydrophilic, biodegradable synthetic polymers.64,165 It is stated that these blends form interpenetrated or semi-interpenetrated structures at the molecular level. Properties of typical commercial formulations have properties similar to those in the range of low- and high-density PE. Blends of Mater-Bi products with biodegradable polyesters have been claimed for use as water impervious films.173... 

They are made of polymeric, waxy, or other protective materials, that is, biodegradable synthetic polymers and modified natural products such as starches, gums, proteins, fats, and waxes. The natural polymers include albumin and gelatin " the synthetic polymers include polylactic acid and polyglycolic acid. ... 

Gunatillake, P. Adhikari, R., Biodegradable synthetic polymers for tissue engineering. Euro. Cells Mater. 2003, 5, 1-16... 

There are several types of biodegradable synthetic polymer with vulnerable chemical moieties susceptible to enzymatic attack. The most typical ones are aliphatic polyesters, such as poly(glycolic acid), poly(lactic acid), and poly(e-caprolactone). Highly isotactic-, syndiotactic- and atactic-homopolyesters of... 

In addition to chemical hydrolysis, hydrolysis by enzymes can operate as an alternative degradation process. It has become widely accepted that biodegradable synthetic polymers tend to be designed to mimic those structures prevailing in nature, since enzymes produced by microbial populations may not discriminate between polymers of similar structure.11 Synthetic nonpolypeptidic, chiral polyamides could mimic natural peptides or proteins, resulting in biodegradable products useful in biomedicine. 

P. Gunatillake, and R. Adhikari, Biodegradable Synthetic Polymers for Tissue Engineering, European Cells and Materials, Vol. 5, p. 1-16,2003. 

The concept of biodegradable synthetic polymers was first proposed in the 1960s as a potential solution to the problem of plastics litter. This was initially welcomed by environmentally aware public, particularly in the USA, since it was perceived to be a possible solution to the landfill problem. Packaging producers in collaboration with corn growers were quick to respond to the public mood by adding corn starch to polyethylene. Carrier bags made from this material were claimed, without experimental evidence, to be biodegradable but the... 

Huayu, T. Zhaohui, T. Xiuli, Z. Xuesi, C. Xiabin, J. Biodegradable synthetic polymers Preparation, functionalization and biomedical application. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2012, 37 (2), 237-280. 

The use of lipids, including lipid-protein membranes, concentric lipid manbranes, and submicron ultrathin lipid membranes is another common approach. Biodegradable synthetic polymers offer another approach. The first one used was polylactide. Many types of polylactides and poly-glycolic acids are now used for artificial cells. Other synthetic biodegradable polymers, such as polyanhydride, also are used. The use of biodegradable artificial cells has become an active field. 

It is a colorless, crystalline, biodegradable synthetic polymer. Chemically, polydioxanone is a polymer of multiple repeating ether-ester units. It is characterized by a glass transition temperature in the range of -10 and 0°C and a crystallinity of about 55%. Polydioxanone is generally extruded into fibers however, care should be taken to process the pol)uner to the lowest possible tanperature in order to avoid its spontaneous depolymerization back to the monomer. The ether oxygen group in the backbone of the polymer chain is responsible for its flexibility [48,49]. 

All components used in preparation of cast films were non-toxic and either natural renewable or biodegradable synthetic polymers. Fmthermore, all ingredients are environmentally compatible and can be utilized for application as agriculture mulch. The presence of natural fillers will help maintain organic matter in the soil and urea would act as an additional source of fertilizer nitrogen. 

Table 1. Commercially available biodegradable synthetic polymers...

Poly(L-lysine) (PLL) is a biodegradable synthetic polymer obtained from polymerization of the N-carboxyanhydride of lysine, having protonable amine groups on the lysine moiety (see Figure ll.lE). 

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