Biocide glue

Emulsion Adhesives. The most widely used emulsion-based adhesive is that based upon poly(vinyl acetate)—poly(vinyl alcohol) copolymers formed by free-radical polymerization in an emulsion system. Poly(vinyl alcohol) is typically formed by hydrolysis of the poly(vinyl acetate). The properties of the emulsion are derived from the polymer employed in the polymerization as weU as from the system used to emulsify the polymer in water. The emulsion is stabilized by a combination of a surfactant plus a coUoid protection system. The protective coUoids are similar to those used paint (qv) to stabilize latex. For poly(vinyl acetate), the protective coUoids are isolated from natural gums and ceUulosic resins (carboxymethylceUulose or hydroxyethjdceUulose). The hydroHzed polymer may also be used. The physical properties of the poly(vinyl acetate) polymer can be modified by changing the co-monomer used in the polymerization. Any material which is free-radically active and participates in an emulsion polymerization can be employed. Plasticizers (qv), tackifiers, viscosity modifiers, solvents (added to coalesce the emulsion particles), fillers, humectants, and other materials are often added to the adhesive to meet specifications for the intended appHcation. Because the presence of foam in the bond line could decrease performance of the adhesion joint, agents that control the amount of air entrapped in an adhesive bond must be added. Biocides are also necessary many of the materials that are used to stabilize poly(vinyl acetate) emulsions are natural products. Poly(vinyl acetate) adhesives known as "white glue" or "carpenter s glue" are available under a number of different trade names. AppHcations are found mosdy in the area of adhesion to paper and wood (see Vinyl polymers). 

Used industrially as a soil sterilant, biocide in industrial wastewater, slimicide in pulp and paper manufacture, and as a preservative in adhesives and glues. 

Since the 1970s a trend to use water-based coating systems and glues instead of solvent-based products has been apparent. Most water-based paints and lacquers use polyurethane or acrylate as binders. For technical reasons the systems still contain organic cosolvents as well as pigments, biocides and surfactants (Hansen et al., 1987). 

A majority of these microorganisms can form extracellular polymeric materials known as polymer or slime. The slime helps glue the organisms to the surface, trap, concentrate nutrients as food for microbes and shields the organisms from biocides. 

Chem. Descrip. Dimethylol urea CAS 140-95-4 EINECS/ELINCS 205-444-0 Uses Biocide, disinfectant for hospital use preservative in paints, chain lubricants, polymer and wax dispersions fungicidal treatment for paper glues, pigment slurries Regulatory MITI, BGA approved Properties 99% act. 

Uses Chem. intermediate corrosion inhibitor in aq. systems, antifreezes, hydraulic fluids, coolants, air conditioning/refrigeration systems collector in extraction of metals from sulfite or oxide compds. in froth flotation water treatment agent biocide bactericide fungicide food pkg. adhesives resinous/polymeric food-contact coatings defoamer in paper coatings, food-contact paper slimicide in food-contact paper food-contact textiles, glue... 

HMIS Health 3, Flammability 1, Reactivity 1 Uses External germicide biocide disinfectant antimicrobial, preservative for paints, latex coatings, emulsions, adhesives, glues, gums, textiles, leather goods, pharmaceuticals, topicals, esp. for starch and casein-based systems antiseptic defoamer in food-contact coatings and paper/paperboard preservative in food-contact animal glues Use Level 0.1-0.15% (injectables), 0.075-0.12% (topicals)... 

Uses Preservative and mildew Inhibitor for paper, textiles, food-pkg. adhesives biocide for rubber, wax corrosion inhibitor for nonferrous metals, antifreeze, hydraulic fluid, coolants metal deactivator flotation collector chemical intermediate copper corrosion inhibitor in water treatment protects starch and casein coatings from bacterial or fungal activity preservative for defoamers in food-contact coatings and paper/paperboard slimicide in food-contact paper/paperboard preservative in food-contact textiles and animal glues Regulatay FDA 21 CFR 175.105,176.200,176.210,176.300,177.2800, 178.3120,181.30... 

Uses Rubber vulcanization accelerator agric. fungicide biocide for water treatment, paper sizing, adhesives preservative for starch and syn. latex adhesives, food-pkg. adhesives, food-contact animal glues mold inhibitor for unmodified latex paints accelerator in food-contact mbber articles for repealed use... 

Synonyms Metham potassium Empirical C2H4S2 K Properties M.w. 131.28 Uses Antimicrobial in cane-sugar and beet-sugar mills biocide for paper industry disinfectant for soil treatment fungicide nematicide insecticide herbicide in paper for food pkg. in food-pkg. adhesives slimicide in food-contact paper/paperboard preservative in food-contact animal glues Regulatory FDA 21CFR 173.320, 175.105, 176.300,178.3120, 181.30 SARA reportable Manuf./Distrib. FMC Foret... 

Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol Diazolidinyl urea Dimethyl oxazolidine Hydroxyethyl-s-triazine 2[(-Hydroxymethyl) amino] ethanol Methylchloroisothiazolinone Sodium o-phenylphenate 2,2 -Thiobis (4-chlorophenol) biocide, nonprotein glues Tris (hydroxymethyl) nitromethane biocide, nonprotein sizes Tris (hydroxymethyl) nitromethane biocide, oil field applies. 

Biocides are the second most common cause of allergic contact dermatitis after synthetic resins. The problem of sensitization to biocides has become more common because of the increased use of water-based latex paints. Table 5 gives a list of the biocides used in paints. Similar biocides are also used in the glues needed by wallpaper hangers. 

Table 5. Examples of biocides used in paints and glues (Fischer and Adams 1990 Geier et al. 1996)...

Mathias CGT (1983) Contact dermatitis to a new biocide (Tektamer 38 ) used in a paste glue formulation. Contact Dermatitis 9 418... 

Balsam of Peru, 25% petrolatum (flavouring agent) Benzisothiazolone, 0.1% petrolatum (biocide in glue or in cigarette paper) (Beaudouin et al. 1993)... 

Dimethyldithiocarbamate (Ziram), 1% petrolatum (biocide in tobacco, wrappers and glues) Formaldehyde resins (urea- or melamine formaldehyde), 10% petrolatum (adhesives)... 

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