Cigarette paper

A cross-sectional view of hemp fiber is shown in Figure 3b. It has a Z twist in contrast to the S twist of flax. Hemp is regarded as a substitute for flax in yam and twine. Its eadier use in ropes has been replaced by leaf and synthetic fibers. Hemp fiber is used in Japan, China, CIS, and Italy to make specialty papers, including cigarette paper, but bleaching is difficult. The fiber is coarser and has less flexibiUty than flax. 

Stain (ASTMD1328). This test measures the amount of stain on paper or other ceUulosic materials by asphalt. Variations of the cigarette paper stain procedure include the Barber stain, usually conducted at 54.4°C and 3.9 MN (400 g-force). Talc stain tests are also used. 

Paper. Citric acid is added to the pulp slurry prior to bleaching to sequester metal ions and prevent discoloration (208—211). Citrates are used in cigarette paper to control the burning rate to match that for tobacco. 

Pressure/volume/time relationships Pressure drop, lit unlit Ventilation, lit unlit Expanded tobacco level Cigarette paper permeabiiity Filter pressure drop... 

Newsprint, books, tissue, corrugated boxes, bags, cigarette paper, food containers, plates, wallpaper, disposable clothing... 

There are many types of EDS, but they are generally characterized by hyperextensible skin and joints, poor wound healing and cigarette paper" scars (ragged, gaping malformed scars), bruising, and other structural manifestations. 

Cigarette-paper wrinkling of the skin Telangiectasia (SEDA-6, 153)... 

TCDD were found in bleached coffee filters (5 ppt), unbleached coffee filters (2.0 ppt), bleached shopping bags (1.3 ppt), and cigarette paper (1.4 ppt) (Wiberg et al. 1989). Concentrations were found to be lower in the unbleached products than in the corresponding bleached products (Wiberg et al. 1989). 

With the end of the Gvil War, the importance of hemp as a commercial crop declined. Emancipation of the slaves cut into the number of laborers harvesting hemp. More importantly, the invention of the cotton gin gave cotton a decided economic advantage over hemp and flax. The development of cheap wood pulp reduced the need for hemp as a source of paper, although it was still used in the manufacture of cigarette papers, money and Bibles. 

Fig. 31.15 Gaucher s disease. Gaucher cells (sphingolipid-storing macrophages) within the liver parenchyma (arrow), shown here as pale-blue cells with an internal structure similar to cigarette paper (PAS)...

Use Apparel fabrics (linens), thread, rope, twine, cigarette paper, duplicating papers. 

Several collagen disorders result from defects in the formation of cross-links (Chapter 11). The cross-linking disorders can be due to a hereditary deficiency of lysyl oxidase, inhibition of lysyl oxidase, deficiency of copper, defects in the formation of cross-links, or defects in their stabilization. The genetic deficiency of lysyl oxidase is characterized by Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IX (Table 25-5) and some forms of cutis laxa. Type IX Ehlers-Danlos syndrome patients exhibit extreme extensibility of the skin, cigarette-paper scarring, and easy bruisability. In cutis laxa, the skin is loose and inelastic and appears to be too large for the surface it covers. Some affected individuals exhibit deficiency of lysyl oxidase, presumably... 

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