Bioassays plant tests

Four bioassays a) 30 min acute bacterial test (Vibrio fischeri) b) 8d growth rate aquatic plant test (Lemna minor) c) 72h germination plant test (Lepidium sativum) and 8d root elongation plant test (Lepidium sativum) d) 72h germination plant test (Brassica rapa) and 8d root elongation plant test (Brassica rapa) Municipal and industrial solid waste leachates originating from landfills Unspecified pretreatment... 

Since the isolation of BL, BL and its related compounds have been tested by a number of bioassays originally designed for known plant hormones. BRs have been shown to have a broad spectrum of biological activities (3,4,8). Structure-activity relationship of BRs has also been clarified by bean second-intemode bioassay, bean first-intemode bioassay, raphanus test, tomato test, and rice-lamina inclination test (25-57). 

A preliminary screening test (TLC bioassay) for benzimidazole antidotes was carried out using 22 plant species, representing 18 plant families. As shown in Table 2 (A), out of the 22 plants tested, benzimidazole antidote activity was initially found only in Polygonum thunbergii (Polygonaceae). An aliquot, equivalent to 125 mg of fresh plant material, of the EtOAc soluble constituents from methanol extracts of P. thunbergii was sufficient to clearly show the antidote activity on a thin-layer plate [Table 2 (B)]. 

Alonso-Amelot ME, Avila JL, OIcto LD, Mora E, Wolff B (1994) A new bioassay for testing plant extracts and pure compounds using red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum Herbst. J Chem Ecol 20 1161-1177... 

Four different European herbaceous plants have also been tested for possible mitogenic and comitogenic activities. Using Zymosan as a positive control, all polysaccharide fractions tested had higher activity in the bioassays... 

The fourth isolated and identified compound from Palmer amaranth is chondri 11 asterol (5a-stigmasta-7,22-dien-30-ol), a sterol closely related structurally to the major plant sterols, stigmasterol and sitosterol. This compound, isolated as the free sterol, is not soluble in water or 0.1% DMS0, and germination bioassays required pretreatment of the test seed with a 0.1 mM solution of the sterol in DCM. 

Bioassays. Four bioassays were developed to test the phytotoxic affect of spikerush leachate. Two assays involving target plants (hydrilla and sago pondweed) were tested at the explant level. Two additional assays were developed, one involving whole plants... 

Principle Phytotoxic effects of the aqueous leachate of an allelopathic plant can be tested in vitro bioassays. Test or target plants are placed in contact with 0.5 % aqueous leachate from the allelopathic plant. Germination and radicle growth can be monitored during time-course experiments (i.e. after 24,48 and 72 h of treatment), but in this chapter we will include only the results obtained after 72 h of treatment. 

Grant WF (1994) The present status of higher plant bioassays for the detection of environmental mutagens. Mutat Res 310 175-185 Grant WF, Owens ET (2001) Chromosome aberrations in Pisum for the study of environmental mutagens. Mutat Res 488 93-118 Kalweit S, Utesch D, von der Hude W, Madle S (1999) Chemically induced micronucleus formation in V79 cells-comparison of three different test approaches. Mutat Res 439 183-190... 

Biological toxicity tests are widely used for evaluating the toxicants contained in the waste. Most toxicity bioassays have been developed for liquid waste. Applications of bioassays in wastewater treatment plants fall into four categories [19]. The first category involves the use of bioassays to monitor the toxicity of wastewaters at various points in the collection system, the major goal being the protection of biological treatment processes from toxicant action. 

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