Beta alanine

Martin DL, Shain W (1979) High affinity transport of taurine and beta-alanine and low affinity transport of gamma-aminobutyric acid by a single transport system in cultured glioma cells. J Biol Chem 254(15) 7076-7084... 

Hosli E, Hosli L (1980) Cellular localization of the uptake of [3H]taurine and [3H]beta-alanine in cultiu-es of the rat central nervous system. Nemoscience 5(1) 145-152... 

Sandberg M, Jacobson I (1981) Beta-alanine, a possible neurotransmitter in the visual system J Neurochem 37(5) 1353-1356... 

Molecular Properties and their Adaptability The Property Space of Molecular Entities j 17 carnosine beta-alanine... 

In some situations, the direct attachment of a large group (such as fluorescamine) to a biologically active substrate can reduce activity. This is due to steric hindrance which can cause a change in conformation or physically block an active site. This condition can be obviated in many cases by attaching the bulky moiety to a spacer arm composed of two or more methylene groups. To this end, a variant of F-D was also synthesized in which a spacer arm of beta-alanine was inserted between the fluorescent and chemically reactive moieties of the reagent. 

Kudo Y, Tanaka A, Yamada K. Dendrobine, an antagonist of beta-alanine, taurine and of presynaptic inhibition in the frog spinal cord. Br J Pharmacol 1983 78 709-715. 

Liu, Q. R., Nelson, N., Mandiyan, S Lopez-Corcuera, B., and Nelson, N. (1992) Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding the transporter of taurine and beta-alanine in mouse brain. FEBSLett. 305,110-114. 

Larsson, O. M., Griffiths, R., Allen, I. C., and Schousboe, A. (1986) Mutual inhibition kinetic analysis of gamma-aminobutyric acid, taurine and beta-alanine high-affinity transport into neurons, and astrocytes evidence for similarity between the taurine and beta-ala-nine carriers in both cell types. J. Neurochem. 47,426 132. 

Chaillot B, Labrude P, Vigneron C, et al. Freeze-drying of hemoglobin solutions without adjuvant and in presence of glucose, tris, and beta-alanine a study by electron spin resonance of the oxidized compounds produced. Am J Hematol 1981 10 319. 

Harris, R. C., Tallon, M. J., Dunnett, M., Boobis, L., Coakley, J., Kim, H. J., Fallowfield, J. L., Hill, C. A., and Wise, J. A. (2006). The absorption of orally supplied beta-alanine and its effects on muscle carnosine synthesis in human vastus lateralis. Amino Acids 30, 279-289. 

Nagai, K. and Suda, T. (1986). Antineoplastic effects of carnosine and beta-alanine—Physiological considerations of its antineoplastic effects. Nippon Seirigaku Zasshi 48, 741-747. 

Nagai, K., Suda, T., Kawasaki, K., and Mathuura, S. (1986). Action of carnosine and beta-alanine on wound healing. Surgery 100, 815-821. 

Preston, J. P., Hipkiss, A. R., Himsworth, D. J. T., Romero, I. A., and Abbott, J. N. (1998). Toxic effects of beta-amyloid (25-35) on immortalised rat brain endothelial cells Protection by carnosine, homocarnosine and beta-alanine. Neurosci. Lett. 242,105-108. 

Procaine and other local anesthetics were separated by Chmela et al. with a VLD isotachophoresis apparatus, equipped with coupled PTFE separatory (23 cm x 0.8 mm) and analytical columns (23 cm x 0.8 mm) [151]. In one system, the leading cation was (0.01 M) containing 0.05 poly(vinylalcohol), with acetate as the counter-ion. The pH of the leading electrolyte was 4.75. The terminating electrolyte was 0.03 M beta-alanine. Two other systems were also reported. 

Nemeroff CB, Bissette G, Martin JB, et al Effect of chronic treatment with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) or an analog of TRH (hnear-beta-alanine TRH) on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Neuroendocrinology 30 193-199, 1980... 

Gibson KM, Lee CF, Bennett MJ, Holmes B, Nyhan WL (1993) Combined malonic, methylmalonic and ethylmalonic acid semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiencies an inborn error of beta-alanine, L-valine and L-alloisoleucine metabolism J Inherit Metab Dis 16 563-567... 

Mehta AD, Seidler NW (2005) Beta-alanine suppresses heat inactivation of lactate dehydrogenase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 20 199-203... 

Schor DS, Struys EA, Hogema BM, Gibson KM, Jakobs C (2001) Development of a stable-isotope dilution assay for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase in isolated leukocytes and evidence that GABA and beta-alanine transaminases are identical. Clin Chem 47 525-531... 

Aspartate can be decarboxylated either to a-alanine by a PLP-dependent enzyme258 or to P-alanine by a pyruvoyl group-containing enzyme (Chapter 14). Beta-alanine is not only a component of the vitamin... 

In 1901. Wildiers described Bios, an essential for yeast growth. In 1933. Williams isolated crystalline Bios from yeast and named it pantorhemc acid. In 1938, Williams isolated pantothenic acid from liver and. in 1939, Jukes determined liver antidermatitis factor (chick) to be identical with yeast factor. Also, in 1939, Woolley et al. demonstrated beta-alanine as a vital part of pantothenic add ... 

The process of racemization has a number of practical application in the laboratory and in industry. Thus, in the synthesis of an optical isomer it is frequently possible to racemize the unwanted isomer and to separate additional quantities of the desired isomer. By repeating this process a number of times it is theoretically possible to approach a 100% yield of Synthetic product consisting of only one optical isomer, An example of the utilization of such a process is found in the production of pantothenic acid and its salts, In this process the mixture of D- and L-2-hydroxy-3,3-butyrolactones are separated. The D-lactone is condensed with the salt of beta-alanine to give the biologically active salt of pantothenic acid, The remaining L-lactone is racemized and recycled. 

In alpha-alanine the NH2 group is on the 2 position of propanoic acid in beta-alanine it is on 3-position. 

Roseth S, Fonnum F (1995) A study of the uptake of glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine and beta-alanine in synaptic brain vesicles from fish and avians. Neurosci Lett 183 62-66. 

In this communication we report synthesis of dipeptides containing P-terminal aminoalkylphosphonic acids related structurally to glycine,alanine,nor-vallne,valine, leucine,phenylglycine and phenylalanine,while the N-terminal residues include glycine,alanine,valine,leucine,pro line,methionine,beta -alanine,phenylalanine, tyrosine, lysine and glutamine. 

Schmieden V, Kuhse J, Betz H. Mutation of glycine receptor subunit creates beta-alanine receptor responsive to GABA. Science 1993 262(5131) 256—258. 

The other major class of fatty imidazoline derived amphoteric surfactants is the amphopropionates. Again, the ampho portion of the name indicates that they are derived from imidazolines but, rather than being alkylated with sodium chloroacetate, they are carboxy-lated with an acrylate via the Michael reaction. A primary or secondary amine is added across the double bond of the acrylate to yield the beta-alanine derivative. 

Most of the amphopropionate surfactants produced are of the amphodipropionate type, 2 mol of methyl acrylate or sodium acrylate added per mole of imidazoline. Depending on the reaction conditions, 1 mol of acrylate can add to the fatty R group at the alpha carbon. Upon hydrolysis of the imidazoline, the second reacts with the liberated secondary amine to produce the beta alanine derivative. If methyl acrylate is used, the methyl ester of the amphoteric surfactant is formed. An equimolar amount of sodium hydroxide is added to effect saponification to the sodium salt of the surfactant. Methanol is formed as a by-product and it is generally left in the final product as part of the solvent system. 

RATHINASABAPATHI, B., SIGUA, C., HO, J., GAGE, D. A., Osmoprotectant beta-alanine betaine synthesis in the Plumbaginaceae S-adenosyl-L-methionine dependent N-methylation of beta-alanine to its betaine is via N-methyl and N,N-dimethyl beta-alanines., Physiol. Plant., 2000,109,225-231. 

C6H13N02 N-methyl-beta-alanine, ethyl ester 2213-08-3 446.58 38.776 2 8970 C6H140 1-hexanol 111-27-3 430.15 45.925 1,2... 

Krems, B., Bachert, P., Zabel, H. J. and Lorenz, W. J. (1995) F- H nuclear Overhauser effect and proton decoupling of 5-fluoruracil and alph-fluoro-beta-alanine. Journal of Magnetic Resonance B 108(2), 155-164. 

N- (3-Amino-2,4,6-triiodoben-zoyl)-JV-phenyl-beta-alanine... 

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