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Carnosine synthesis

Intracellular carnosine concentration may be subject to metabolic regulation. Destruction of the dipeptide by camosinase is stimulated by citrate (Vistoli et al., 2006), thus raising the possibility that inhibitory molecules could be created to prevent destruction of the dipeptide in sera. Camosine s synthesis by carnosine synthetase is downregulated by raised cAMP levels (Schulz et al., 1989), at least in astrocytes. Thus, high glucose concentrations could lower cAMP levels and hence stimulate carnosine synthesis. [Pg.107]

Harris, R. C., Tallon, M. J., Dunnett, M., Boobis, L., Coakley, J., Kim, H. J., Fallowfield, J. L., Hill, C. A., and Wise, J. A. (2006). The absorption of orally supplied beta-alanine and its effects on muscle carnosine synthesis in human vastus lateralis. Amino Acids 30, 279-289. [Pg.140]

Schulz, M., Hamprecht, B., Kleinkauf, H., and Bauer, K. (1989). Regulation by dibutyryl cyclic AMP of carnosine synthesis in astroglial-rich primary cultures kept in serum-free medium. J. Neurochem. 52, 229-234. [Pg.149]

Margolis FL, Grillo M, Kawano T, Farbman AL 1985. Carnosine synthesis in olfactory tissue during ontogeny Effect of exogenous b-alanine. J Neurochem 44 1459-1464. [Pg.195]

Carnosine can affect gene expression. Ikeda et al. (1999) showed that carnosine markedly upregulates vimentin synthesis in cultured rat fibroblasts, while an association between carnosine and vimentin, a cytoskele-tal, intermediate filament protein has been noted in glial cells and neurons (Bonfanti et al., 1999). Interestingly, it has also been shown that the protease, oxidized protein hydrolase (OPH), is coexpressed with vimentin in COS cells (Shimizu et al., 2004). Thus, it is at least possible that carnosine could induce synthesis of OPH in the cultured human fibroblasts and thereby increase the cellular ability to eliminate oxidized... [Pg.100]

XVII. CARNOSINE, REGULATION OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, AND AGING... [Pg.108]

Whether it is possible to raise carnosine levels in human brain is unknown. One study in rats has shown that oral administration of chicken extract (a major source of carnosine in humans too) did provoke an increase in brain carnosine levels a single dose of the chicken extract led to an increase in carnosine levels within 30 min in plasma, but 1 or 2 h duration were required for increased levels of carnosine to be observed in the cerebral cortex, hypthalamus, and hippocampus (Tomonaga et ah, 2007). It is uncertain whether these effects result from direct uptake of the carnosine from plasma or a consequence of de novo synthesis. In a study using senescence-accelerated mice (SAMP8), it was found that oral supplementation with creatine provoked, at 25 weeks of age, a transient 88% increase in muscle carnosine content, accompanied by a 40% increase in anserine content, which coincided with an improvement in resistance to contractile fatigue (Derave et ah, 2008). At 60 weeks, no differences were detectable between the creatine-supplemented and control animals in terms of their muscle... [Pg.127]

Guiotto, A., Calderan, A., Ruzzo, P., Osier, A., Rubini, C., Jo, D. G., Mattson, M. P., and Borin, G. (2005b). Synthesis and evaluation of neuroprotective a,b-unsaturated aldehyde scavenger histidyl-containing analogues of carnosine. ]. Med. Chem. 48, 6156-6161. Hamano, H., Yoshinaga, K., Eta, R., Emori, Y., Kawasaki, D., lino, Y., Sawada, M., Kuroda, H., and Takei, M. (2006). Effect of polaprezinc on taste disorders in zinc-deficient rats. Biofactors 28, 185-193. [Pg.140]

From all known CRC, carnosine first appeared in muscle maturation. Its transformation into N-acetylcamosine (heart), anserine or ophidine (skeletal muscles) depends on specific en2ymes, thus the amount, to which these compounds are accumulated within the muscle, depends on functional activity of muscle [17]. In brain, besides carnosine, homocamosine is also present, which is synthesized by the same enzyme camosyne synthase having similar affinity to both P-alanine and y-aminobutyric acid. Thus, the ratio between carnosine and its homolog in different regions of brain is defined by the accessibility of substrates for dipeptide synthesis. In whole, tissue specificity in distribution and accumulation of different CRC allows to suggest correlation between the biological features of CRC and functional specificity of different excitable tissues [18]. [Pg.205]

These data suggested that carnosine can be drawn into the protein synthesis providing specific regulatory role directed to support of essential genes in active state and to increase cell viability. In agreement with such suggestion, it was found that addition of carnosine to cell cultures promotes their viability and stimulates synthesis of a number of proteins, particularly, vimentin, which takes part in interaction of cytoskeleton with membrane lipid bilayer [63]. [Pg.209]

Wound healing effect of carnosine is potentiated by zinc [35,91]. Its mechanism probably related to ability of carnosine to support functional activity of lymphocytes [61], to reveal the immunomodulating activity depending on age of animals and concentration of carnosine [86,92], to neutralize ROS formed in the inflammatory area. In some cases, increased formation of granulating tissues was noted which stimulated healing of damaged surface because of protein synthesis activation [86,88]. [Pg.211]

R.H. Sifferd, V. du Vigneaud, A new Synthesis of carnosine with some observations on the splitting of the benzyl group from carbobenzoxy derivatives and benzyl thioethers. J. Biol. Chem. 108 753-761 (1935)... [Pg.173]

Carnosine is not a constituent of mammalian muscle protein because it is not found in its pepsin or trypsin hydrolyzates (10). Its presence in muscle tissue is probably not an intermediate stage in the hydrolysis or synthesis of proteins. [Pg.90]


See other pages where Carnosine synthesis is mentioned: [Pg.91]    [Pg.127]    [Pg.128]    [Pg.128]    [Pg.91]    [Pg.127]    [Pg.128]    [Pg.128]    [Pg.89]    [Pg.95]    [Pg.106]    [Pg.108]    [Pg.113]    [Pg.122]    [Pg.129]    [Pg.132]    [Pg.416]    [Pg.63]    [Pg.64]    [Pg.89]    [Pg.91]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.63 , Pg.64 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.89 ]




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