Chlorination, apparatus for

Figure 1. Experimental apparatus for soak tests with chlorine...

Stelson, A. W and J. H. Seinfeld, Chemical Mass Accounting of Uban Aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 15, 671-679(1981). Stickel, R. E., J. M. Nicovich, S. Wang, Z. Zhao, and P. H. Wine, Kinetic and Mechanistic Study of the Reaction of Atomic Chlorine with Dimethyl Sulfide, J. Phys. Chem., 96, 9875-9883 (1992). Swartz, E J. Boniface, I. Tchertkov, O. V. Rattigan, D. V. Robinson, P. Davidovits, D. R. Worsnop, J. T. Jayne, and C. E. Kolb, Horizontal Bubble Train Apparatus for Heterogeneous Chemistry Studies Uptake of Gas-Phase Formaldehyde, Environ. Sci. Technol, 31, 2634-2641 (1997). 

Fig. 58. Apparatus for preparing chlorine by reacting hydrogen chloride oxygen...

Assemble an apparatus as shown in Fig. 71. Connect cooler 4 to a 100-ml round-bottomed flask with the aid of special adapter 1. Connect apparatuses for preparing dry chlorine (see Fig. 61) and... 

Comparison of Adsorptivity of Activated and Non-Activated Carbon. Assemble an apparatus for preparing dry chlorine (see... 

Transfer the obtained chlorinated lime into the reaction flask of an apparatus for preparing chloroform (Fig. 106) and pour in 150 ml of water. Put a mixture of 20 ml of acetone and 20 ml of water into... 

Transfer the dry chloroform into the flask of an apparatus for distillation under atmospheric pressure (see Fig. 20). Collect the fraction boiling at 62 °C. Weigh the substance and calculate its yield in per cent. Write the equation of the reaction of chlorinated lime with acetone. 

SET UP APPARATUS FOR MAKING CHLORINE [SEE PAGE 35). INTO BOTTLE B POUR FERROUS CHLORIDE SOLUTION YOU HAVE JUST MADE. THE CHLORINE TURNS THE GREEN FERROUS CHLORIDE [FeCI,) INTO A BROWN FERRIC CHLORIDE (FeCI,). 

The apparatus for method (I) under SnCU (No. 84) is used with an ice-cooled receiver. Ten grams of commercial silicon (No. 2) in the form of powder or small lumps are employed the element is heated to about 400°C after the air in the reaction flask has been displaced by dry chlorine. A steady flow of gas is maintained the heat under the... 

Fig. 19. Production diagram of methyl(chloromethyl)dichlorosilane 1,4 -batch boxes 2 - apparatus for preparing the initiator solution 3 - backflow condenser 5 - chlorinator 6 - rotameter 7, 9 - rectification towers 8, 10 -refluxers 11-13 - receptacles 14- tank 15 - boiler 16-18- containers...

Fig. 21. Production diagram of silicon tetrachloride by ferrosilicon chlorination 1 - jaw crasher 2 - bucket elevator 3 - grate 4 - shaft hoist 5 -bin 6 - chlorinating furnace 7 - condenser 8 - scrubber 9 - boiler 10, 14 - condensers 11 - distillation tank 12 - rectification tower 13 - refluxer 15 -collector 16- apparatus for the destruction of solid chlorides 17- hydrolysis chamber 18- absorption column.

Fig. 22. Horizontal apparatus for the chlorination of ferrosilicon 1 - furnace 2 -filling device 3 - condensers 4 - screws 5 - abscheider 6 -tube for the withdrawal of solid chlorides 7 - collector.

The apparatus for the chlorination of titanium raw stock in a fluidised layer is a cylindrical shaft lined with thick silica brick. There are several shelves with gas distribution grates located one above another for better chlorine consumption and titanium extraction. The parent mixture is loaded onto the top shelf where it is partially chlorinated with unreacted chlorine coming from below and is sent onto the next shelf through a pipe. The most intensive chlorination occurs on the lower shelf. 

Fig. 17. Apparatus for the preparation of chlorine(IV) oxide free from chlorine.

Figure 029. Apparatus for preparing chlorine gas—the hydrochloric acid drip method. The out let tube where the dry chlorine gas comes out, should be attached to a latex tube, and this tube then submerged into the potassium or sodium iodide solution. 

Figure 041. Suggestive apparatus for the preparation of sulfur monochloride from sulfur and chlorine.

Figure 042. Left illustration Apparatus for the addition of chlorine gas to a mixture of methylene chloride and calcium phosphide. Right illustration setup for the purification of the methylene chloride reaction mixture containing the phosphorus...

Figure 056. Apparatus for the production of sodium hydroxide. Chlorine gas is liberated at the positive anode electrode, and hydrogen gas is liberated at the negative cathode electrode. The sodium hydroxide is formed at the negative cathode electrode...

The chlorination apparatus, Fig. 1, consists of a 24-mm od quartz tube with a ground joint socket joined by way of a quartz-pyrex seal to a collection flask. For metal quantities of about 20 g a 250-mL flask should be used and for 5-g quantities a 100-mL flask is convenient. 

Minet, Ronald G., and Tsotsis, Theodore T. Recirculating fluidized-bed process and apparatus for the recovery of chlorine from hydrogen chloride, ES 2010473 (1989). 

Because of the high toxicity of chlorine, the whole chlorination apparatus should be placed under an efficient hood and tested carefully for leaks. Long lengths of rubber tubing should not be used, because rubber is rapidly destroyed by chlorine. All joints through rubber tubing should be wired. 

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