Copper nitrate reagent

Metal nitrates and acetic anhydride are particularly dangerous nitrating reagents if mixtures are made according to certain proportions. The danger also depends on the nature of the salt. Thus, with copper (II) nitrate or calcium nitrate, the mixture is always explosive whatever the proportions. 

Catalysts. Cupric oxide was prepared by thermal decomposition of reagent grade copper nitrate (Wako Pure Chem.Inc.Ltd.) at 400°C in air for 4 hrs. Magnesium oxide was commercially available reagent grade powder (Kanto Chemical Co.Ltd.). The oxides powders were pressed into tablets and crushed and 24-42 mesh granules were used as catalysts. 

The efficient At-nitration of secondary amines has been achieved by transfer nitration with 4-chloro-5-methoxy-2-nitropyridazin-3-one, a reagent prepared from the nitration of the parent 4-chloro-5-methoxypyridazin-3-one with copper nitrate trihydrate in acetic anhydride. Reactions have been conducted in methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile and diethyl ether where yields of secondary nitramine are generally high. Homopiperazine is selectively nitrated to At-nitrohomopiperazine or At, At -dinitrohomopiperazine depending on the reaction stoichiometry. At-Nitration of primary amines or aromatic secondary amines is not achievable with this reagent. 

The unusual copper nitrate-acetic anhydride reagent reacted with acetyl-acetone itself to form bis-(3-nitro-2,4-pentanediono) copper(II) (V), the same compound prepared by Nyholm (18). A novel elaboration of this reaction was treatment of hydrated chromium (III) nitrate with acetylacetone in acetic anhydride to yield a mixture of mono- and dinitrochromiumacetylacetonate (XI and XII). 

The active material, i.e. catalyst, of CuO/ZnO (3 7 by mole ratio) mixed oxides was prepared from the aqueous solution (aq. soln.) of reagent grade copper nitrate and zinc nitrate by adding diluted ammonium water. The precipitate was washed and calcined at 360°C in air for 1 day. On the other hand, Cu/ZnO powder was prepared by mechanical mixing of Cu powder (Rare Metallic Co., Ltd. 4N, -325 me.sh) and ZnO (Nacalai Tesque Inc. >99.0%) with a mole ratio of 3 7. 

Aluminum nitrate Copper nitrate (ic) nitric acid concentrate reagent Magnesium carbonate hydroxide nitric oxide source Nitrous acid nitride mfg. 

Copper nitrate trihydrate (Cu(N03)2-3H20) and hydrazine hydrate (N2H4 H2O) were both analytical reagent (A.R.) grade, and sodium stearate (CH3(CH2)i6COONa) was a chemically pure (C.P.) reagent. These were purchased and used without further treatments. Distilled water was used as the solvent. 

Polychromatic reagents Moffat and Lyttle (42) developed a polychromatic ninhydrin reagent. It consisted of (a) ninhydrin (0.2%) in ethanol (50 ml) + acetic acid (10 ml) + 2,4,6-collidine (2 ml) and (b) a solution of copper nitrate (1.0%) in absolute ethanol. The two solutions are mixed in a ratio of 50 3 before use. Krauss and Reinbothe replaced ethanol by methanol (43) and also achieved polychromatic amino acid detection by joint application of ninhydrin and primary, secondary, or tertiary amines. The layers were first sprayed with diethylamine, dried for 3 min at 110°C, cooled, and then sprayed with 0.2% methanolic ninhydrin and heated for 10 min at 110°C, when the spots of amino acids appeared on a pale blue background. Use of ninhydrin (0.27 g), isatin (0.13 g), and triethylamine (2 ml) in methanol (100 ml) gave spots of amino acids on a yellow background. 

Other useful thiophene-nitrating reagents include copper(ll) nitrate in acetic anhydride and aluminium nitrate in acetic anhydride [128, 129]. Nitration of substituted thiophenes is subject to the usual mesomeric and inductive effects of the substituents [130]. Nitration can also take place at already substituted positions, replacing bromine or iodine (see, e.g. [131]). The nitration of... 

The behaviour of iridium is closely analogous to that of rhodium its corrosion diagram is very similar and it is, with rhodium, one of the least corrodible of metals. It is unattacked by alkalis, acids or oxidising agents in aqueous solution, although a fused mixture of caustic potash and potassium nitrate will attack it. The metal has an excellent resistance to fused lead oxide, silicates, molten copper and iron at temperatures up to 1 500°C. Additions of iridium to platinum considerably raise the corrosion resistance of the latter to a very wide range of reagents. 

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