Chloride hydration

Cuprous chloride. Hydrated copper sulphate (125 g.) and sodium chloride (32-5 g.) are dissolved in water (400 ml.) boiling may be necessary. An allialine solution of sodium sulphite (from 26 5 g. of sodium bisulphite and 17 -5 g. of sodium hydroxide in 200 ml. of water) or the solution of the sodium bisulphite alone is added to the resulting hot solution during about 5 minutes with constant shaking. The solution will be decolourised or nearly so. It is then cooled to room temperature (or in an ice bath), and the supernatant liquid is decanted... 

Synthesis. The most important starting material for rhodium compounds is rhodium(III) chloride hydrate [20765-98-4], RhCl3 nH2 O. Other commercially available starting materials useful for laboratory-scale synthesis include [Rh2(0000113)4] [5503-41 -3], [Rh(NH3)201]0l2 [13820-95-6], [Rh20l2(0O)4] [32408-34-7], and [Rh20l2(cod)2] [12092-47-6]. 

BeryUium chloride [7787-47-5], BeCl2, is prepared by heating a mixture of beryUium oxide and carbon in chloride at 600—800°C. At pressures of 2.7—6.7 Pa (0.02—0.05 mm Hg) beryllium chloride sublimes at 350—380°C. It is easily hydrolyzed by water vapor or in aqueous solutions. BeryUium chloride hydrate [14871-75-1] has been obtained by concentrating a saturated aqueous solution of the chloride in a stream of hydrogen chloride. ChloroberyUate compounds have not been isolated from aqueous solutions, but they have been isolated from anhydrous fused salt mixtures. 

The properties of calcium chloride and its hydrates are summarized in Table 1. Accurate data are now available for the heats of fusion of the hexahydrate, the incongment fusion of the tetrahydrate, and the molar heat capacities of the hexahydrate, tetrahydrate, and dihydrate (1). These data are important when considering the calcium chloride hydrates as thermal storage media. A reevaluation and extension of the phase relationships of the calcium chloride hydrates, has led to new values for the heats of infinite dilution for the dihydrate, monohydrate, 0.33-hydrate, and pure calcium chloride (1). 

A study on the solubiUty of calcium chloride hydrates (3) has generated polymonials relating the weight percent of anhydrous salt in a saturated solution to temperature (°C). For 9.33 < f " C < 28.16... 

Halides. Cerous chloride hydrate [19423-76-8] CeCl usually with n 6, on heating tends to form cerous oxychloride [15600-64-3] ... 

Tetraethylammonium chloride hydrate [56-34-8] M 165.7, m dec>200 . Crystd from EtOH by adding diethyl ether, from warm water by adding EtOH and diethyl ether, from dimethylacetamide or from CH2CI2 by addition of diethyl ether. Dried over P2O5 in vacuum for several days. Also crystd from acetone/CH2Cl2/hexane (2 2 1) [Blau and Espenson J Am Chem Soc 108 1962 1986 White and Murray J Am Chem Soc 109 2576 1987]. 

Iridium (IV) chloride hydrate (hexachloroiridic acid) [16941-92-7 (6H2O) 207399-11-9 (XH2O)] M 334.O+H2O. If it contains nitrogen then repeatedly concentrate a cone HCl solution until free from nitrogen, and dry free from HCl in a vac over CaO until crystals are formed. The solid is very hygroscopic. [J Am Chem Soc 53 884 1931 Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Vol II 1592 7965.]... 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Calcium Chloride, Anhydrous Calcium Chloride Hydrates Chemical Formula CaClj-xHjO where x=o to 6. 

Baryum, n. barium, -chlorhydrat, n. barium chloride. -hydrat, n. barium hydroxide, -hyperoxyd, n. barium peroxide, barium dioxide. -jodid, n. barium iodide, -lack, m. barium lake, -oxydhydrat, n. barium hydroxide. -platincyaniir, n. barium cyano-platinite, barium cyanoplatinate(II). -rho-danid, n. barium thiocyanate, -salz, n. bar ium salt. 

Zinnozyd, n. tin oxide, specif, stannic oxide, tin(IV) oxide, -chlorid, n. stannic chloride, tin(IV) chloride, -hydrat, n. stannic hydroxide, tin(IV) hydroxide, -natron, n. sodium stannate. -salz, n. stannic salt, tin(IV) salt. 

Bicarbonate. Carbonate Chloride.. . Hydrate.. . Hypochlorite. Oxide. Sulfale. . . Sulfate. . . Nitrate. . . I hofl >hate... 

Hindered rotation, 33, 34 internal, 367 Homopolymer, 168, 183 Hot bands, 374 Hot lattice, 4, 11, 21 Hydrates, 7, 9, 21, 31, 41 crystallization, 44 Hydrochloric acid clathrates, 2 in hydroquinone, 7 Hydrogen, bound, 4, 175 bromine hydrate, 35 4- carbon dioxide system, 110 4 carbon monoxide system, 96, 108 chloride hydrate, 35 clathrates, 2 chloride, 30... 

Basic) Magnesium chloride Magnesium chloride hydrate MgCl2-5Mg(OH)2-8H20 Saline concentrates in porous deposits, resulting in acid corrosion pits. 

Cobalt, dibromobis(l,2-propancdiamine)-chloride hydrate halogen exchange, 1, 468 Cobalt, dibromotris(difluorophenylphosphine)-structure, 1, 45... 

Cobalt, dichlorobis(AvY -dimethyl-1,2-ethanediamine)-chloride hydrate isomerization, 1, 468 Cobalt, dich orobis(l,2-ethanediamine)-base hydrolysis, 1, 304 chloride anation, 1, 469 halogen exchange, 1, 468 chloride hydrate isomerization, 1, 468 isomers, 1,191 nitrate... 

From 2,6-diacetylpyridine dioxime, ferric chloride hydrate, and phenylboronic acid as starting materials the macrocyclic dinuclear iron(ll) complexes 133 can be prepared (Fig. 36). 

Flocculants cause colloidal clay particles to coagulate thus promoting separation from the drilling fluid which has been circulated down the wellbore and returned to the surface. The treated fluid may then be pumped back down the well bore. Sodium chloride, hydrated lime, gypsum, sodium tetraphosphate, polyacrylamide, poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid), cationic polyacrylamides, and poly(ethylene oxide) have been used commercially. 

Vigorous stirring is necessary to prevent caking of the aluminum chloride hydrate and to prevent localized hydrolysis. The checkers found that exactly 7 moles of water gave a somewhat improved yield, but handling was more diflicult. 

In terms of economical synthetic approaches to indoles, the synthesis of this heterocycle from anilines and trialkylammonium chlorides was effected in an aqueous medium (H20-dioxane) at 180°C in the presence of a catalytic amount of ruthenium(III) chloride hydrate and triphenylphosphine together with tin(II)chloride <00TL1811>. Muchowski devised a novel synthetic route to indole-4-carboxaldehydes and 4-acetylindoles 86 via hydrolytic cleavage of W-alkyl-5-aminoisoquinolinium salts 85 to homophthaldehyde derivatives upon heating in a two phase alkyl acetate-water system containing an excess of a 2 1 sodium bisulfite-sodium sulfite mixture <00JHC1293>. 

Cerous carbonate octahydrate, 5 676 Cerous carbonate trihydrate, 5 676 Cerous chloride hydrate, 5 676 Cerous fluoride, 5 676 Cerous hydroxide, 5 676 Cerous oxalate, 5 676 Cerous oxychloride, 5 676 Cerous oxyfluoride, 5 676 CerOx Corporation electrolysis cells, 9 669-670... 

Hydrogen chloride absorption, 12 746 Hydrogen chloride hydrates, 13 813 Hydrogen chloride-organic compound systems, 13 818... 

Enthalpies of solution of the series of chloride hydrates in aqueous hydrochloric acid (approximately 0.1 mol dm-3) are listed in Table IX (190). In Fig. 1, the trend in these values across the lanthanide series is compared with the trends for enthalpies of solution of the hydrates and of the anhydrous salts in water. 

Enthalpies op Solution of Chloride Hydrates in Dilute Hydrochloric Acid0... 

Chloride hydrate Enthalpy (kJ mol-1) Chloride hydrate Enthalpy (kJ mol-1)... 

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