Fluorine fluorides

Representing a two electron covalent bond by a dash (—) the Lewis structures for hydrogen fluoride fluorine methane and carbon tetrafluoride become... 

Antimony trichloride, pentachloride and pentafluoride Beryllium chloride Boron trichloride Bromine Chlorine Calcium fluoride Chromic fluoride Chromous fluoride Fluorine Iodine... 

Hydrogen fluoride Fluorine Methane Carbon tetrafluoride... 

Tantalum has excellent resistance to virtually all salts including chlorides (especially cupric and ferric chloride), sulphates, nitrates and salts of organic acids, provided (a) they do not contain fluorides, fluorine and free sulphur trioxide, or (b) hydrolyse to produce strong alkalis. 

High-valency metal fluoride fluorination of pyridine [82JFC(21)171], quinoline [82JFC(21)413], and 2-methylfurans [91 JFC(51)179] has been reported. With 2-methylfuran a complex mixture of stereoisomers of partially fluorinated oxolans was obtained. These can be dehydrofluorinated to fluorooxolens and no furans have been observed. Conformation and structural group were found to influence the direction and readiness toward dehydrofluorination [91 JFC(52) 165]. 

Triorganotin Fluoride. Fluorination of triorganotin bromide was carried out by an excess of ammonium fluoride at 120°C for one hour. 

Caesium fluoride, Fluorine See Fluorine Caesium fluoride, etc. See other ORGANIC ACIDS... 

Perfluorosuccinic acid (Tetrafluorobutanedioic acid) [377-38-8] (HOCO.CF2-)2 Caesium fluoride, Fluorine See Fluorine Caesium fluoride, etc. See other organic acids c4h2f4o2... 

It has to be considered that titanium - at least without special protection layers - will be attacked by several chemicals for example, fluorides, fluorine-containing substances, such as tetrafluo-roborates BF4, or oxalates, and possibly by other organic acids, which may be formed during anodic oxidation reactions. An application of titanium in nonaqueous media is not suitable (instability of the passivating oxide layer). 

Irradiation of enriched water (>95 %) with protons (16 MeV) is the most common method used to produce no-carrier added [ F]fluoride. Fluorine being less ubiquitous than carbon, F-radiotracers can be obtained with very high specific radioactivities (50-500 GBq pmol ). The theoretically possible... 

Synonyms Fluorine monoxide oxygen fluoride fluorine oxide... 

Owing to its chemically highly aggressive nature, fluorine is difficult and hazardous to handle and it can be manufactured only via the electrolytic oxidation of fluoride. Fluorine gas has been produced commercially since 1946 and has found applications in many areas of fluorine chemistry (polymers, surfactants, lubricants, thermally stable liquids, blood replacement and pharmaceuticals, propellants, etc.). Inorganic fluorides such as Sp6 and UFe [21] have technical applications. Fluorous solvent systems [22] provide novel reaction environments fundamentally different from both aqueous and hydrocarbon media [23] and fluorine has been employed as a marker or spin label [24]. 

Like perfluorinated polymers, perfluorinated fluids are both chemically and thermally very stable. Originally developed during the Manhattan Project their commercial application dates from the 1960s. There are two major production methods, cobalt(III) fluoride fluorination of hydrocarbons and electrochemical fluorination. The first route involves the fluorination of a stirred or fluidized bed of cobalt(II) fluoride to cobalt(III) fluoride with elemental fluorine at... 

The addition of lithium fluoride, due to its solubility in a fluorine bath, can suppress the occurrence of the anode effect.2 Nakajima and co-workers reported that the carbon/hydrogen fluoride/fluorine system formed the graphite fluoride intercalation compound C4F as a solid... 

Silver(II) fluoride and potassium tetrafluoroargentate(III) have similar reactivities towards benzene,11 and appear to be slightly less reactive than cobalt(III) fluoride a similar range of products is formed. Potassium hexafluoronickelate(IV) is slightly more reactive than cobalt(III) fluoride under vapor-phase conditions18 (sec above for reactions of K2NiF6 in anhyd HF) the products are similar to those from cobalt(III) fluoride except that more unsaturates are detected, mainly the ones that predominated in the manganese(III) fluoride fluorination. 

The cobalt(III) fluoride fluorinations of toluene, the xylenes, and many similar compounds to give the corresponding perfluoroperhydro compounds are covered in Houben-Weyl, Vol. 5/3, pp 53-72. Rearrangement is again noted64 when butylbenzene is fluorinated Over cobalt(III) fluoride at 300 C the major products are, as well as the expected perfluoro(butylcyclohexane), perfluoro(decahydronaphthalene) and perfluoro(l-methylhexahydroindane). 

Oxathiane has only been fluorinated84 over potassium tetrafluorocobaltate(III) (vide infra). and this gives products very similar in structure to those formed in the dioxane/cobalt(Hl) fluoride fluorination. 

However, hexafluoroacetone is broken down almost completely87 over potassium tetrafluoro-cobaltate(III) at 250°C only traces of trifluoroacetyl fluoride are detected, the rest being carbon tetrafluoride and carbonyl difluoride. This shows that even if perfluoro ketones are formed in fluorination processes, they will break down, thus demonstrating that transition metal fluoride fluorination will not produce polyfluoro ketones. 

Amides have not been fluorinated recently. Reactions in the older literature include silver(II) fluoride fluorination of A, A -bis(trifluoromethyl)carbamoyl fluoride (23) and of trifluoroacetonitrile and hexafluorodiacetamide (24).103... 

---