Benzenes mutagenicity

Other Effects of Benzene Mutagenicity, Embryonic Effects, Synergisms, Effects on the Nervous System, Eye Reflexes, Skin Lesions... 

Erixson GL et al Induction of sister chromatid exchanges and micronuclei in male DBA/2 mice by the inhalation of benzene. Environ Mutagen 6 408 (abst.), 1984... 

Ethyl benzene is not mutagenic in most test systems, but it has caused a mutagenic effect in mouse lymphoma cells and has induced a marginal yet significant increase in sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes at toxic doses." ... 

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent a heterogeneous class of environmental contaminants formed by incomplete combustion or pyrolysis of organic matter. They comprise compounds with 2-6 fused benzene rings, most of which (4-6 ring compounds) are known human mutagens and carcinogens. 

Teranishi, K., K. Hamada, and H. Watanabe, Mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium Mutants of the Benzene-Soluble Organic Matter Derived from Airborne Particulate Matter and Its Five Fractions, Mutat. Res., 56, 273-280 (1978). 

Dobrokhotov, V.B. (1972) Mutagenic effect of benzene and toluene under experimental conditions. Gig. Sanit., 31, 36-39 (in Russian)... 

Feldt, E.G, Zhurkov, VS. Sysin, A.N. (1985) Study of the mutagenic effects of benzene and toluene in the mammalian somatic and germ cells (Abstract). Mutat. Res., 147. 294... 

Gemer-Smidt, P. Friedrich, U. (1978) The mutagenic effect of benzene, toluene and xylene studied by the SCE technique. Mutat. Res., 58, 313-316... 

Provost, G.S., Mirsalis, J.C., Rogers, B.J. Short, J.M. (1996) Mutagenic response to benzene andtris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate in the lambda lad transgenic mouse mutation assay a standardized approach to in vivo mutation analysis. Environ, mol. Mutag., 28, 342-347... 

Mutagens in natural samples (CIO L) Soxhlet extraction XAD-2 with benzene XAD-7 with petroleum ether 12... 

The examination of alternative solvent extraction sequences in this experiment, Aliquot A versus E, showed the sequence from nonpolar to polar solvent to be more efficient in extracting mutagens from the sample (Table II). This result could explain the lower recoveries of mutagenic activity via the modified Hites procedure compared with the recoveries found with the milling procedure (Table I). The published Hites method (18, 19) was used in this study, that is, extraction with isopropyl alcohol followed by benzene. Therefore, the results from our experiment suggest that a nonpolar to polar solvent sequence gives better recoveries of mutagenic components from a sample. 

Lawlor T, Haworth SR, Voytek P. 1979. Evaluation of the genetic activity of nine chlorinated phenols, seven chlorinated benzenes, and three chlorinated hexanes. Environ Mutagen 1 143. 

Case studies involving individuals who were previously chronically exposed to benzene report significant chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow and lymphocytes (Fomi and Moreo 1967, 1969 Hartwich et al. 1969 Major et al. 1992 Picciano 1979 Sellyei and Kelemen 1971 Tough and Court-Brown 1965 Tough et al. 1970 Van den Berghe et al. 1979 Yardley-Jones et al. 1990). Other mutagens in addition to benzene may have been involved since most of the workers were occupationally exposed to more than one chemical. 

Erexson GL, Wilmer JL, Steinhagen WH, et al. 1986. Induction of cytogenetic damage in rodents after short-term inhalation of benzene. Environ Mutagen 8 29-40. 

Hallberg LM, Grossman L, Hedayati MA, et al. 1995. DNA repair activities in lymphocytes of benzene exposed workers. 26th Annual Meeting Of The Environmental Mutagen Society, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, March 12-16, 1995. Environmental And Molecular Mutagenesis 25 (Suppl. 25) 22. 

Hoechst. 1977. Initial submission mutagenicity evaluation of benzene in Salmonella typhimurium, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and mice (final report) with attachment EPA/OTS Doc 88-920002878. 

Kale PG, Baum JW. 1983. Genetic effects of benzene in Drosophila melanogaster males. Environ Mutagen 5 223-226. 

Major J, Jakab M, Kiss G, et al. 1994. Chromosome aberration, sister-chromatid exchange, proliferative rate index, and serum thiocyanate concentration in smokers exposed to low-dose benzene. Environ Mol Mutagen 23 137-142. 

Meyne J, Legator MS. 1980. Sex-related differences in cytogenetic effects of benzene in the bone marrow of Swiss mice. Environ Mutagen 2 43-50. 

Ning H, Kado NY, Kuzmicky PA, et al. 1991. Benzene-induced micronuclei formation in mouse fetal liver blood, peripheral blood, and maternal bone marrow cells. Environ Mol Mutagen 18(1) 1-5. 

Plappert U, Barthel E, Seidel HJ, et al. 1994b. Reduction of benzene toxicity by toluene. Environ Mol Mutagen 24 283-292. 

Rithidech K, Au WW, Ramanujam VMS, et al. 1988. Persistence of micronuclei in peripheral blood normochromatic erythrocytes of subchronically benzene-treated male mice. Environ Mol Mutagen 12 319-329. 

Robertson ML, Zhang L, Smith MT. 1991b. Induction of micronuclei by the benzene metabolite 1,2,4-benzenetriol in human lymphocytes and HL-60 cells. Environ Mol Mutagen 17 (Suppl 19) 61—62. (Abstract)... 

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