Embryonic effects

Embryonic effects were only observed at treatment levels associated with severe maternal toxicity. Administered to rats on days 9-13 of gestation 360mg/kg/day caused retarded embryonic development in the form of reduced head length, crown-rump length, somite number, and protein content maternal deaths (2/9 rats) and significantly decreased body weight gain were also seen. 

Other Effects of Benzene Mutagenicity, Embryonic Effects, Synergisms, Effects on the Nervous System, Eye Reflexes, Skin Lesions... 

In laboratory tests, appHcation of DMAC to the skin of pregnant rats has caused fetal deaths when the dosages were close to the lethal dose level for the mother. Embryonal malformations have been observed at dose levels 20% of the lethal dose and higher. However, when male and female rats were exposed to mean DMAC concentrations of 31,101, and 291 ppm for 6 h per day over several weeks, no reproductive effects were observed (6). 

Fig. 10. Effect of starch capped copper nanoparticles on cell viability (MTT assay) in case of mouse embryonic fibroblast (3T3L1).

The postnatal effects of maternal treatment with 2,7-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin are summarized in Table VII. No significant changes were found. The progeny on becoming adult were mated within the treatment groups. No effects on male or female fertility, embryonic viability, and total implantation/corpora lutea ratio were observed. 

Ishikawa S, Nozaki Y, Tsunemi T, et al. 1990. Effects of trichloroethylene on embryonic chick heart [Abstract]. Senten Ijo 30 253. 

Schwetz BA, Leong KJ, Gehring PJ. 1975. The effect of maternally inhaled trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, methylchloroform, and methylene chloride on embryonal and fetal development in mice and rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 32 84-96. 

Latif MA, Bodaly RA, Johnston TA, Fudge RJP. 2001. Effects of environmental and maternally derived methylmercury on the embryonic and larval stages of walleye (Stizoste-dion vitreum). Environ Pollut 111 139-148. 

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