Behavioral effects cognition

Nausea and Vomiting Cachexia Glaucoma Other Uses Physiological Effects Acute Effects Longer-Term Effects Psychological Effects Behavioral Effects Cognitive Effects Emotional Effects Social and Environmental Effects Summary... 

Psychostimulants are drugs that substantially influence cognitive and affective functioning and behaviors. Effects are increased motivational desire, agitation, heightened vigilance, euphoria, hyperactivity, and... 

Stein, M., Krasowski, M. Leventhal, B., Phillips, W. and Bender, B., Behavioral and cognitive effects of methylxanthines A meta-analysis of theophyliine and caffeine. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 150(3), 284-288, 1996. 

In some cases, Narcissistic Personality Disorder can cluster with both drug abuse and antisocial behavior. People with this disorder typically display grandiosity, selfishness/self-centeredness, exploitation of others, beliefs about being gifted and special, arrogance, an excessive preoccupation with self and personal appearances, and the need to have others affirm how special they are. Sometimes these qualities are difficult to separate from antisocial behavior, but key differences center around the criminal behavior and the ability to inflict physical cruelty found in antisocial behavior. Effective treatment for Narcissistic Personality Disorder includes cognitive behavioral therapy as well. 

Behavioral and cognitive effects Lobeline appears to be reinforcing in a similar manner to nicotine. Despite weak nicotinic effects, drug-naive animals will self-administer lobeline, as they would with other reinforc-... 

Behavioral and cognitive effects As might be expected, ibogaine has powerful sensory and motor effects. Rats administered ibogaine (20-60 mg/kg) show slower response times on sensory and sensory-motor tests (Kesner et al. 1995). Motor reflexes are impaired at 40-60 mg/kg, and... 

Stankov B, Cimino M, Marini P, Lucini V, Fraschini F, dementi F. (1993). Identification and functional significance of nicotinic choiinergic receptors in the rat pineal gland. NeuroscI Lett. 156(1-2) 131-34. Stein MA, Krasowski M, Leventhai BL, Phiiiips W, Bender BG. (1996). Behavioral and cognitive effects of methyixanthines. A meta-anaiysis of theophylline and caffeine. Arch Pedlatr Adolesc Med. 150(3) 284-8. 

Sunderland T, Tariot PN, Newhouse PA. (1988). Differential responsivity of mood, behavior, and cognition to cholinergic agents in elderly neuropsychiatric populations. Brain Res. 472 4y. 371-89. Tachikawa E, Kudo K, Flarada K, Kashimoto T, Miyate Y, Kakizaki A, Takahashi E. (1999). Effects of ginseng saponins on responses induced by various receptor stimuli. EurJ Pharmacol 369(1) 23-32. Tagami M, Ikeda K, Yamagata K, Nara Y, Fujino FI, Kubota A, Numano F, Yamori Y. (1999). Vitamin E prevents apoptosis in hippocampal neurons caused by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Lab Invest. 79(5) 609-15. 

Cognitive and behavioral effects of cholinergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic blockade in humans. Neuropsychopharmacology. 16(1) 15-24. 

Glutamate was initially implicated in schizophrenia by studies of the behavioral effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists (e.g., PCP, ketamine), which produce psychotic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in healthy subjects and exacerbate psychotic, negative, and cognitive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Studies show that acute administration of NMDA antagonists causes NMDA receptor dysfunction, resulting in decreased inhibition of subcortical dopamine neurons and consequent increased mesolimbic dopamine release. Chronic administration produces decreased release, or hypoactivity, of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex (Davis and Lieberman, 2000). 

Kupietz, S.S., Winsberg, B.G., Richardson, E., Maitinsky, S., and Mendell, N. (1988) Effects of methylphenidate dosage in hyperactive reading-disabled children I. Behavior and cognitive performance effects. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 27 70-77. 

Catlson, G.A., Rapport, M.D., Pataki, C., and Kelly, K.K. (1992a) Lithium in hospitalized children at 4 and 8 weeks affective, behavioral and cognitive effects. / Child Psychol Psychiatry 33 411— 425. 

Huang S, Fortune KP, Wank SA, et al Multiple affinity states of different cholecystokinin receptors. J Biol Chem 269 26121-26126, 1994 Hudson JL, Pope HG, Jonas JM, et al Phenomenologic relationship of eating disorders to major affective disorder. Psychiatry Res 9 345-354, 1983 Huey LY, Janowshy, DS, Judd LL, et al Effects of lithium carbonate on methylphenidate-induced mood, behavior, and cognitive processes. Psychopharmacology 73 161-164, 1981... 

Rapoport JL, Buchsbaum MS, Weingarter H, et al Dextroamphetamine cognitive and behavioral effects in normal and hyperactive boys and normal men. Arch Gen Psychiatry 37 933—943, 1980... 

Paradoxical effects cognitive impairment and perseverative behavior are occasionally seen in children treated with psychostimulants. According to Greenhill et al. (1999) such phenomena are indicative of a drug overdose and will improve at dose reduction. Constriction of attention or overfocusing as a consequence of treatment with psychostimulants has been another critical issue (Breggin, 1999). Based on an extensive review of the literature and their own experience, Wilens and Biederman (1992) assert that there is no evidence of such phenomena at doses up to 1.0 mg/kg of methylphenidate. 

Ghoneim, M.M., Mewaldt, S.P., Hinrichs, J.V. Dose-response analysis of the behavioral effects of diazepam II. Psychomotor performance, cognition and mood. Psychopharmacology 82, 296-300, 1984b. 

All of the drugs listed are recognized as drugs that may benefit patients with PD. In addition, behavioral and cognitive therapy, alone or in combination with pharmacotherapy, can be effective antipanic therapies. 

Dowd, S.M. et al., The behavioral and cognitive effects of two benzodiazepines associated with drug-facilitated sexual assault, J. Forensic Sci., 47, 1101, 2002. 

Rapoport JL, Jensvold M, Elkins R, Buchsbaum MS, Weingartner H, Ludlow C, Zahn T, Berg CJ, Neims AH. Behavioral and cognitive effects of caffeine in boys and adults. J Nerv Ment Dis 1981 169 726-732. 

The first experiment to disprove Bradley s theory of the paradoxical or reverse effect was conducted in 1980 by Judy Rapoport and her colleagues at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Under well-controlled conditions, they surveyed the cognitive and behavioral effects of stimulants on both hyperactive and non-hyperactive children. Their results showed that both groups performed better when taking stimulants. In other words, the researchers... 

Rapoport, Judith L., Monte S. Buchsbaum, et al. Dextroamphetamine Cognitive and Behavioral Effects in Normal Prepubertal Boys. Science 199 (1978) 560-563. 

---