Children, hyperactivity

The most common side effects are fatigue, drowsiness, and depression. Phenobarbital impairs cognitive performance. In children, hyperactivity can occur. 

Conflicting results, however, made it difficult to determine whether a Feingold diet is beneficial, despite a number of studies that have been conducted that have led to the view that food dyes did impair performance of h)rperactive children [54], or did not in a controlled study [56], or that it did and that a one-week experimental diet could be used to detect a "sub-group of children hyperactive from specific food dyes[57]."... 

Haioperidoi (Haldol) Similar to phenothiazines. Psychoses, Tourette s syndrome, severe behavioral problems in children, hyperactive children (short term), Huntington s Disease. Less sedation, anticholinergic effects, and alpha-adrenergic blocking effects than chlorpromazine. Rarely hypotension. Extrapyramidal side effects may be dramatic. 

Fig. 11.5. Microstructures during the slow cooling of a hypereutectoid steel. is the standard labelling for the temperature at which FejC first appears. Hypereutectoid means that the carbon content is above that of a eutectoid steel (in the sense that a hyperactive child has an above-normal activity ).

Minde, K. Weiss, G. and Mendelson, N. A 5-year follow-up study of 91 hyperactive school children. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 11 595-610 1972. 

American Academy of Pediatrics Subcommittee on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Committee on Quality Improvement. Clinical practice guideline Treatment of the school-aged child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 2001 108 1033-1044. 

Voeller KKS. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). J Child Neurol 2004 19 798-814. 

According to the investigators, the lack of association with lead rank indicated that the effect of lead was due to current rather than past lead exposure. The probability that a child was hyperactive increased significantly with increasing PbB levels (as PbB percentile rank within age group). The probability of speech impairment, however, was not related to blood lead levels. Linear regression analysis... 

Conners Teacher Questionnaire. The TQ form was designed to obtain teacher evaluations of children up to age 15 in terms of their interactions with peers and their ability to cope with the school environment and requirements. There are 41 items, and the first 39 have a four-point scale. Question 40 deals with the teacher s evaluation of the child s severity of illness, and question 41 deals with global improvement in four different areas. This test is used once at pretreatment and as needed afterwards. It takes about 15 minutes to complete and covers either the present or any interval period up to one month. A shorter 11-item PTQ is often used after the initial use of the 41-item TQ. The five subscales included are conduct, inattentive-passive, tension-anxiety, hyperactivity, and social ability. 

American academy of pediatrics (2000), Clinical practice guideline diagnosis and evaluation of the child with attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder , Pediatrics, 105(5), 1158-70. 

Tennant FS, Tarver AL, Rawason RA (1983) Clinical evaluation of mecamylamine for withdrawal from nicotine dependence. In Harris LS (ed) Problems of drug dependence, NIDA Research Monograph 49. USDHHS publication no, 84-1316, pp 239-246 Tercyak KP, Herman C, Audrain J (2002) Association of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms with levels of cigarette smoking in a community sample of adolescents, J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 41 799-805... 

Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Only recently has ADHD been added to the differential diagnosis of BPAD. ADHD was long considered a childhood illness that resolved before adulthood. Moreover, the onset of BPAD was long believed to occur exclusively during adulthood. Both of these statements are now known to be untrue. Many of the symptoms of ADHD persist into adulthood. Meanwhile, an increasing number of child psychiatrists and epidemiologists have noted that the onset of BPAD not infrequently occurs in children before they reach puberty. 

ADHD may continue into adulthood. This issue has been debated not only in medical journals but on TV talk shows and in news magazines as well. However, adult ADHD is no trivial matter. Certainly, the physical hyperactivity of the 6 year old with ADHD is not so readily evident in the 26 or 36 year old. Nevertheless, some individuals with ADHD continue to be plagued by impulsive outbursts of anger and poor concentration even after they reach adulthood. This continues to take a toll as it often leads to marital strife and problems holding a job. Like the child and adolescent with ADHD, adults with the disorder are often considered underachievers and may even be dismissed as lazy. 

Steer CR. Managing attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder unmet needs and future directions. Arch Dis Child 2005 90(Supplement 1) 19-25. 

Hyperactivity in an older child can be minimized if the starting dose is one-fourth of the recommended full replacement dose and the dose is then increased on a weekly basis by an amount equal to one-fourth of the full-recommended replacement dose until the full recommended replacement dose is reached. 

A 5-year-old girl is taken to the doctor s office by her mother following a conference with her kindergarten teacher. The teacher is concerned because compared to her kindergarten classmates, she is hyperactive, restless, and easily distracted. Recent testing revealed that the child s vision was normal but hearing acuity was below normal. Recently the child has complained of abdominal pain and has had occasional constipation. About 3 years ago the parents moved into a 75-year-old house in the inner city and have been renovating it extensively. Within the past year, the parents separated and the father moved out of the house. 

He s always been a hyperactive difficult child but, em... when he found out last year (that his mother had a drug problem)... we were coming down that road, you fucking bastard, you bitch, I hate you , that s what I get when he goes into these moods... and then last week he was really bad... I hate you, I hate you, I don t want to live here, you re nothing but a fucking old fogey, I don t want you to come to the school to get me. ... 

A child with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] and conduct disorder is treated with 45 mg/d of methylphenidate and 2 mg/d of risperidone. A new diagnosis of complex partial seizures is made and the child is started on carbamazepine. About 10 days after the initiation of carbamazepine, the child develops withdrawal dyskinesias of mouth and tongue. After discontinuation of carbamazepine, the movements last for 1 week. 

Casey, B.J., Castellanos, F.X., Giedd, J.N., Marsh, W.L., Hamburger, S.D., et al. (1997) Implication of right frontostriatal circuitry in response inhibition and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. / Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36 374-383. 

Castellanos, F.X. and Swanson, J. (2002) Biological underpinnings of ADHD. In Sandberg, S., ed. Hyperactivity and Attention Disorders of Childhood-.Cambridge Monographs in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Cambridge UK Cambridge University Press, in press. 

American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (1997). Practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36 85s-121s. 

Barkley, R.A. (1977) A review of stimulant drug research with hyperactive children. Child Psychol Psychiatry 18 137-165. 

Barkley, R.A., Edwards, G., Laneri, M., Fletcher, K., and Metevia, I. (2001) Executive functioning, temporal discounting, and sense of time in adolescents with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADEID) and Oppositional-Defiant Disorder (ODD), Abnorm Child Psychol 29 541-556. 

Brown, G.L., Ebert, M.H., Mikkelsen, E.I., and Hunt R.D. (1980) Behavior and motor acitivity response in hyperactive children and plasma amphetamine levels following a sustained release preparation. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 19 225—239. 

Greenhill, L., Swanson, J., Steinhoff K, Tullock S, Clausen S, Zhang Y (2002 b), A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study comparing a single morning dose of Adderall to twice daily dosing in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc (in press). Psychiatry. 

National Institutes of Health (2000). The National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement Diagnosis and treatment of Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). / Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 39 182—193. 

Sallee, E, Stiller, R., and Perel, J. (1992) Pharmacodynamics of pemoline in attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity. / Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 31 244—251. 

Spencer T, Biederman, J., Wilens, T, Harding, M., O Donnell, D., and Griffin, S. (1996b) Pharmacotherapy of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder across the life cycle. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 35 409 32. 

Swanson, J. (1993) Effect of stimulant medication on hyperactive children a review of reviews. Exceptional Child 60 154-162. 

Broderick-Cantwell, J.J. (1999) Case study accidental clonidine patch overdose in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder patients. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38 95-98. 

Chappell, P.B., Riddle, M.A., Scahill, L., Lynch, K.A., Schultz, R., Arnsten, A., Leckman, J.E, and Cohen, D.J. (1995) Guanfacine treatment of comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and Tourette s syndrome preliminary clinical experience. / Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 34 1140—1146. 

Horrigan, J.P. and Barnhill, L.J. (1995) Guanfacine for treatment of attention-defict hyperactivity disorder in boys. / Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 5 215-223. 

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