Inhibition decreasing

Aqueous geranium extract inhibited TMV starch lesion formation in cucumber cotyledons. Starch lesions were completely inhibited by vacuum infiltrating effective dosages at any time between 1 and 33 hours after virus inoculation. Between 33 and 72 hours, inhibition decreased progressively. The active ingredient in the geranium extract was identified by means of ultraviolet absorption spectrum and... 

Collins SE, Kantak KM Neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibition decreases cocaine self-administration behavior in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 159 361-369,... 

Leonard, T. O. Lydic, R. (1995). Nitric oxide synthase inhibition decreases pontine acetylcholine release. Neuroreport 6, 1525-9. 

Sanders Did you ever look to see whether indomethacin (i.e. prostaglandin inhibition) decreases coupling between these Ca2+ waves and activation of BK channels Perhaps this is your time delay. Production of prostaglandin should activate protein kinase A because of cAMP production, and this will increase BK open probability. 

Abiotic organic reactions that may be influenced by mineral surfaces include hydrolysis, elimination, substitution, redox, and polymerization. The effect of the surface may be either to promote (increase the rate of) or to inhibit (decrease the rate of) reactions that may occur in homogeneous solution. In addition, mineral surfaces may promote reactions that do not occur in homogenous solution by selectively concentrating molecules at the mineral surface... 

GABA GABAa Rat brain Alcoholism, CNS, anesthesia, epilepsy, anxiety, depression, Parkinson s disease, pain, migraine, respiratory gastrointestinal, diabetes, obesity Synaptic inhibition, decrease in neuronal excitability increase in cellular chloride influx, neuroprotection, sedation/hypnosis, anticonvulsant activity muscle relaxation... 

ACE). Hence, angiotensin II production is inhibited. Decrease in angiotensin II results in dilatation of peripheral vessels leading to a reduction in systemic vascular resistance and a decreased aldosterone secretion. They can be administered safely in patients of hypertension with diabetes mellitus or bronchial asthma. ACE inhibitors are efficacious drugs, are well tolerated and are useful antihypertensive drugs. ACE inhibitors are also used in coronary artery... 

With regard to assaying the inhibitory activity of extracts electro-chemically, one of the problems of assays using sensors based on cholinesterase was that considerable time, e.g. 30-45 min [46,47], could be needed for the activity of the enzyme electrode to fall below control levels. The time increased as the level of inhibition decreased. Such lengthy assays make any number of serial assays impractical. In previous work [48,49], it had been noted that if sensors were exposed to solution containing inhibitors and then allowed to dry, they could be... 

Drug(s) Alcohol Classification/ Action Sedative-hypnotic Route/Method of Administration Oral, from various beverages [wine, beer, other alcoholic drinks] Effect Desired by User Euphoria relaxed inhibitions decreased anxiety sense of escape Principal Adverse Effects Physical dependence impaired motor skills chronic degenerative changes in the brain, liver, and other organs Additional Information See Chapter 6... 

Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE EC 3.1.1.8) from either horse or mice serum displayed different profiles. A steady state was not developed, although the rate constants of inhibition decreased with time. Since the presence of multiforms of serum BuChE has been established, it is likely that the first-order plot represents more than one exponent. The inhibited enzyme did not regenerate as fast as AChE-TDPI conjugate. However, 2-PAM enhanced the reactivation of horse-serum BuChE after inhibition with TDPI. The various rate constants were computed from the initial slopes of the inhibition and reactivation of... 

Hemodynamic effects During treatment with ACE inhibitors, systemic vascular resistance is decreased along with the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and right atrial pressure (4). End-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions are reduced. Long-term ACE inhibition decreases echocardiographic left ventricle (LV) dimensions and increases the shortening fraction (5). 

Fig. 21.2 Major effects of AMPK activation on numerous tissues. AMPK plays a key role in regulating whole body energy storage and expenditure. In hypothalamus, AMPK is involved in regulation of satiety and food intake. Activation of AMPK in the hypothalamus increases food intake, whereas inhibition decreases intake. In peripheral tissues such as skeletal muscle and liver, activation of AMPK increases energy expenditure by stimulating mitochondrial genesis and energy substrate utilization. AMPK also regulates lipolysis in adipose tissue and insulin secretion in pancreas.

When an inhibitor binds irreversibly to the enzyme at the active site, this usually inactivates the enzyme s catalytic activity. This type of inhibition decreases the concentration of the functional enzyme and therefore results in a decrease of Vlliax (i.e., an irreversible loss of enzyme activity). Briefly, the modeling of irreversible... 

Equations 43, 44, and 45 tell us that at a fixed inhibitor concentration, increasing the substrate concentration (a) decreases the degree of competitive inhibition, (b) has no effect on the degree of noncompetitive inhibition, and (c) increases the degree of uncompetitive inhibition. The effect of increasing [S] on the degree of inhibition caused by a mixed-type inhibitor depends on the interaction factor, a. In the usual case of ct > 1, the degree of inhibition decreases as [S] increases at a fixed [I]. 

Drug interactions Erythromycin is a strong inhibitor of CYP450. CYP450 inhibition decreases with the newer maaolides. Thus, clarithromycin is a mild inhibitor, and azithromycin has no effect on aP450. 

Hessami and Tobias [70] extended the mechanisms of Bockris et al. and Matulis etal. of the deposition of single metals (Ni, Fe) to the mathematical modeling of codeposition of Ni—Fe alloys. This mathematical model for the anomalous alloy deposition describes the electrode processes using the calculated interfacial concentrations. The inhibition (reduction) of nickel partial current density during alloy deposition and the anomalous deposition are explained on the basis of the relative concentrations of metal-hydroxide ions, [MOH]+. Calculations show that the [FeOH]+ concentrations are higher than [NiOH]+ because it has a much smaller dissociation constant ([MOH]+ = (M2+)(OH )/A surface sites, and the result of this competition is inhibition (decrease) in Ni deposition in the presence of [FeOH]+ ions. Figure 30... 

The curvature seen for reversible inhibition [Fig. 2.12 (a)] indicates that an inhibitor-binding equilibrium precedes the conversion of substrate to product. Three types of reversible inhibition may be distinguished. (1) Competitive inhibition occurs when the degree of inhibition decreases as substrate concentration increases and Vmax is unaffected. (2) Noncompetitive inhibition exists when the degree of inhibition does not vary with substrate concentration, and Km is unaffected. (3) Uncompetitive inhibition exists if the degree of inhibition increases as substrate concentration increases both Vmax and Km are affected. Uncompetitive inhibition is often thought of as a mixture of competitive and noncompetitive behavior. 

Inhibit neuraminidases of influenza A and B, enzymes that prevent clumping of virions, so that more particles are available for infecting host cells. This inhibition decreases the likelihood that the virus will penetrate uninfected cells. 

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