Cognitive therapy

The greatest advantage of psychotherapy over medication is that it reduces the likelihood of relapse after having got better. In 2005 a group of Dutch researchers conducted a clinical trial in which they examined the effect of adding cognitive therapy to treatment as usual in a group of patients with a history of... 

Beck, Aaron T., A. J. Rush, B. F. Shaw and G. Emery, Cognitive Therapy of Depression, New York Guilford, 1979 Beecher, H. K., The Powerful Placebo , Journal of the American Medical Association 159, no. 17 (1955) 1602-06 Benedetti, Fabrizio, C. Arduino and M. Amanzio, Somatotopic Activation of Opioid Systems by Target-Directed Expectations of Analgesia , Journal of Neuroscience 19 (1999) 3639-48... 

Floyd, Mark, Forrest Scogin, Nancy L. McKendree-Smith, Donna L. Floyd and Paul D. Rokke, Cognitive Therapy for Depression A Comparison of Individual Psychotherapy and Bibliotherapy for Depressed Older Adults , Behavior Modification 28 (2004) 297-318... 

Wampold, Bruce E., Takuya Minami, Thomas W. Baskin and Sandra Callen Tierney, A Meta-(Re)Analysis of the Effects of Cognitive Therapy Versus Other Therapies for Depression Journal of Affective Disorders 68 (2002) 159-65... 

Scott J, Garland and Moorhead S (2001). A pilot study of cognitive therapy in bipolar disorders. Psychological Medicine, 31, 459-467. 

Beck JS. Cognitive Therapy Basics and Beyond. New York Guilford Press 1995. 

Behavioral interventions (relaxation therapy, biofeedback, cognitive therapy) are preventive options for patients who prefer nondrug therapy or when drug therapy is ineffective or not tolerated. 

The efficacy of psychotherapy and antidepressants is considered to be additive. Psychotherapy alone is not recommended for the acute treatment of patients with severe and/or psychotic major depressive disorders. For uncomplicated nonchronic major depressive disorder, combined treatment may provide no unique advantage. Cognitive therapy, behavioral therapy, and interpersonal psychotherapy appear to be equal in efficacy. 

Behavioral and educational interventions that may help include shortterm cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation therapy, stimulus control therapy, cognitive therapy, sleep restriction, paradoxical intention, and sleep hygiene education (Table 72-3). 

Schmidt, N. B., Joiner, T. E., Young, J., St Telch, M. J. (1995). The Schema Questionnaire Investigation of psychometric properties and the hierarchical structure of a measure of early maladaptive schemas. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 19, 295-321. 

Schmidt, N. B., Kotov, R., Lerew, D. R., Joiner, T. E., St Ialongo, N. S. (in press). Evaluating latent discontinuity in cognitive vulnerability to panic A taxometric investigation. Cognitive therapy and research. 

Whisman, M. A., Pinto, A. (1997). Hopelessness depression in depressed inpatient adolescents. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 21, 345-358. 

Beck, A. T., Emery, G. (1995). Coping with anxiety and panic. Bala Cynwyd, PA Beck Institute for Cognitive Therapy and Research. 

Beck, A. T., Wright, F. D., Newman, C. F., Fiese, B. S. (1993). Cognitive therapy of substance abuse. New York Guilford Press. 

Shear MK, Pyer AJ, Josephson S, Pitzpatrick M, Klein DP (1991) Vulnerability to soditun lactate in panic disorder patients given cognitive therapy. Am J Psychiatry 148 795-797... 

Rector NA and Beck AT. A clinical review of cognitive therapy for schizophrenia. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2002 4 83-96. 

Is it the condition itself Is it the medication I ve been trying cognitive therapy, but it s hard to know how to deal with it when you don t have the facts and you don t know where the problem lies, (male professor, aged 59)... 

Cognitive psychotherapeutic techniques have further been developed since their introduction by Beck et al. (1979), who demonstrated their effectiveness in the treatment of depression. Several studies have extended Beck s cognitive therapy to adulthood schizophrenia with encouraging clinical results. The efficacy of cognitive-behavioral approaches could be demonstrated in several key areas in schizophrenia, especially therapy-resistant hallucinations and delusions. Several approaches have also addressed therapeutic efforts in the treatment of associated symptoms such as anxiety and depression. In addition, cognitive-behavioral techniques have been shown to be effective in treatment of chronic schizophrenia, resulting in reduction of distress and disruption due to hallucinations and delusions. In some studies anxiety and depression associated with schizophrenia could also be reduced to some extent. The value of these techniques in children and adolescents has yet to be demonstrated. 

Beck, A.T., Rush, A.J., Shaw, B.E, and Emery, G. (1979) Cognitive Therapy of Depression. New York Guilford Press. 

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