Bayer Plastics

CAMPUS , the database of Bayer plastic properties can also be downloaded from this web page. 

Bayer Plastics Provides important news releases with material database, processing techniques, and designing marketable products, http //www.plastics.bayer.com/ english / home. html... 

Bayer Plastics, Recycling—Household, http //plastics.bayer.com/plastics/emea/en/literature/ 3955/article.jsp docId=3938. 

Bayer Plastics, Recycling—Information and Communication Technology, http //plas-tics.bayer.com/plastics/emea/en/li terature/3955/article.jsp docId=3948. 

Gotzmann et al. [12] of Bayer Plastics discussed the manufacture of metal-plastic hydride components, including injection molding plastics such as glass fiber-reinforced polyamides around a steel aluminum profile placed in the mold. Some applications of such components were examined, and computer-aided material selection, finite element analysis, and computer simulation systems developed for use in this technology are described. 

In 1990, appioximately 66,000 metric tons of alumina trihydiate [12252-70-9] AI2O2 3H20, the most widely used flame retardant, was used to inhibit the flammabihty of plastics processed at low temperatures. Alumina trihydrate is manufactured from either bauxite ore or recovered aluminum by either the Bayer or sinter processes (25). In the Bayer process, the bauxite ore is digested in a caustic solution, then filtered to remove siUcate, titanate, and iron impurities. The alumina trihydrate is recovered from the filtered solution by precipitation. In the sinter process the aluminum is leached from the ore using a solution of soda and lime from which pure alumina trihydrate is recovered (see Aluminum compounds). 

Beyer Pocket Book for the Plastics Industy, 3rd ed., Earbenfabtiken Bayer, AG, Leverkusen, Germany, Oct. 1963. 

Bayer marketed PPS compounds in the United States under the trade name Tedur, but the company has exited the PPS business. PPS is also marketed in the United States by GE Plastics, whose source of neat resin is Tosoh Corporation of Japan. GE Plastics markets PPS under the trade name Supec PPS. Patent activity by Tennessee Eastman describes an alternative process for the production of poly(phenylene sulfide/disulfide), although samples of such product have not appeared as of early 1996. Both Phillips and Hoechst Celanese have aimounced plans to debotdeneck their existing U.S. faciUties in order to meet anticipated market growth. 

Residue Disposal. The major environmental problem in the Bayer process is disposal of bauxite residue which is effected by marine disposal, lagooning, use of underdrain lakes, or semidry disposal. Marine disposal in oceans or rivers, diluting the alkaline residue by large quantities of water, is environmentally unacceptable. Lagooning behind retaining dikes built around clay-sealed ground is commonly used, but there have been isolated leaks into aquifers. This has motivated installation of underdrains between the residue and clay-sealed, plastic-lined, lake bottom. This design removes the hydraulic head from the lake bottom and improves consoHdation of the residue. 

Gibbsite is aii important technical product and world production, predominantly by the Bayer process, is more than 50 million metric tons aimuaHy. Alost (90%) is calcined to alumina [1344-28-1 j, Al202, to be used for aluminum production. Tlie remainder is used by the chemical industry as filler for paper, plastics, rubber, and as the starting material for the preparation of various aluminum compounds, alumina ceramics, refractories, polishing products, catalysts, and catalyst supports. 

The late 1950s saw the emergence of cast elastomers, which led to the development of reaction injection mol ding (RIM) at Bayer AG in Leverkusen, Germany, in 1964 (see Plastics processing). Also, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPUs) and Spandex fibers (see Fibers, elastomeric) were introduced during this time. In addition, urethane-based synthetic leather (see Leather-LIKEmaterials) was introduced by Du Pont under the trade name Corfam in 1963. 

Blends of ABS with polycarbonates have been available for several years (e.g. Bayblend by Bayer and Cycoloy by Borg-Wamer). In many respects these polymers have properties intermediate to the parent plastics materials with heat distortion temperatures up to 130°C. They also show good impact strength, particularly at low temperatures. Self-extinguishing and flame retarding grades have been made available. The materials thus provide possible alternatives to modified poly(phenylene oxides) of the Noryl type described in Chapter 21. (See also sections 16.16 and 20.8.)... 

Some 50 years later, in the 1990s Bayer produced their BAK polyesteramides by co-reacting either hexamethylene diamine or e-caprolactam with adipic acid and butane glycol. These materials do have sufficient regularity to be crystallisable and are of interest as biodegradable plastics and are discussed further in Chapter 31. 

The TLCP used was KU 9231 produced by Bayer AG, Germany. The matrix material was an engineering plastic polyethersulfone (PES) manufactured by Jilin University, China. In an earlier article [11] we reported that KU 9231 was incompatible with the PES. 

Mobay/Bayer Design Manual Snap Fit Joints in Plastics, Mobay Engineering Thermoplastics Bulletin, Bayer Chemical Corp., 1990. 

Place Arcol Polyol F-3022 (100 g, 0.1 eq., 56 OH, mixed PO/EO triol from Bayer) into a suitable container. To this add distilled water (3.3 g, 0.4125 eq.), Niax Silicone L-620 (0.5 g, a silicone surfactant from OSi Specialties), and Niax C-183 (0.12 g, an amine catalyst from OSi Specialties). Thoroughly blend this mixture without incorporating air bubbles. Then add Dabco T-9 (0.25 g, stannous octoate from Air Products) and mix again. The T-9 must be added last because it is quite water sensitive, so its exposure to the water-containing polyol blend should be kept to a minimum. To this polyol blend, quickly add Mondur TD-80 (42.6 g, 0.4868 eq., a mixture of 80% 2,4-TDI and 20% 2,6-TDI isomers from Bayer) and immediately stir at 3000 rpm for 5 s. Quickly pour the reaction mixture into a suitable container such as a 1-qt paper or plastic cup and allow the foam to free-rise. The stir blade may be wiped or brushed clean. 

Geneva, lst-3rd Sept. 1995, p.II.24-9. 8(13) RECYCLING OF ENGINEERING PLASTICS -OPTIONS AND LIMITATIONS Riess R Bayer AG... 

Suppliers Dow Chemical, OxyChem, PPG Industries, Formosa Plastics, Olin, Vulcan, Georgia Gulf, LaRouche Industries, Bayer, others. 

Examples for necessary process improvements through catalyst research are the development of one-step processes for a number of bulk products like acetaldehyde and acetic acid (from ethane), phenol (from benzene), acrolein (from propane), or allyl alcohol (from acrolein). For example, allyl alcohol, a chemical which is used in the production of plasticizers, flame resistors and fungicides, can be manufactured via gas-phase acetoxylation of propene in the Hoechst [1] or Bayer process [2], isomerization of propene oxide (BASF-Wyandotte), or by technologies involving the alkaline hydrolysis of allyl chloride (Dow and Shell) thereby producing stoichiometric amounts of unavoidable by-products. However, if there is a catalyst... 

Figure 22. Target product polyurethanes - All rounder among plastics. Source 3rd Carbon Dioxide Utilisation Summit. Courtesy Bayer.

Baekeland A process for making organic polymers by reacting phenols with formaldehyde. Based on an observation by A. von Bayer in 1872 and developed into an industrial process by L. H. Baekeland from 1905 to 1909. It was used to make Bakelite, one of the first commercial plastics. The first industrial manufacture began in Germany in 1910. 

Kasakevich J Chapman J Robert W Bayer MaterialScience (American Plastics Council Alliance for the Polyurethanes Industry)... 

Some other groups such as ester, ether, amide, or urea are present in the Polymer chain of commercial polymers. In 1937, O. Bayer found that reaction of diisocyanates with glycols fields polyurethanes which are useful as plastics, fibres, adhesives, rigid foams and surface coatings. 

According to Bayer s forecasts, the demand for plastic fenders will double from its current... 

Several producers such as Bayer, Dow (LFT-PP concept) and Rhodia (PMA - Plastics Metals Assembly, and MOM - Metal Overmoulding - processes) have developed their own hybrid technologies. 

A prototype heating and ventilation control panel produced by Bayer and Lumitec using a luminescent plastic film system incorporating a special electroluminescent electrode system. The panel can be produced in a single process step using Bayfol films and a PC/ABS blend (Bayblend ). 

Ciprofloxacin (Bayer Corporation) is often loaded at a D/L ratio of 0.3mol mol. After preparation of a ciprofloxacin standard solution (4mM in water), 5 pmol of lipid and 1.5 pmol of ciprofloxacin are pipetted into a glass test tube (or plastic Ependorf tube), adding saline to give a final volume of 1 mL (5 mM lipid concentration). This solution is incubated at 65°C for 30 minutes, with aliquots (50-100 pL) withdrawn at appropriate time points (0, 5, 15, and 30 minutes) and applied to a spin column [centrifuge at 2000 rpm (x670g) for two minutes]. An aliquot (50 pL) of the initial lipid-drug mixture is saved for determination of initial D/L. 

Otto Bayer produced PUs in the 1940 s by reacting diisocyanates, such as tolyl diisocyanate, with dihydric alcohols, such as ethylene glycol. In another experiment he added a diisocyanate to cure synthetic rubber (SR) containing hydroxyl groups. The rubber was cured (vulcanized), but it stuck to the mold. Variations of products from these two experiments are now used as two-component adhesives for bonding footwear and automotive plastic parts. 

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