Plastic Luminescent

A prototype heating and ventilation control panel produced by Bayer and Lumitec using a luminescent plastic film system incorporating a special electroluminescent electrode system. The panel can be produced in a single process step using Bayfol films and a PC/ABS blend (Bayblend ). 

In Chap. 2, novel thermostable luminophores comprised of Eu(ni) coordination polymers [Eu(hfa)3(dpb)] , [Eu(hfa)3(dpbp)] , and [Eu(hfa)3(dppcz)] were successfully synthesized. In particular, [Eu(hfa)3(dppcz)] exhibited both high emission quantum yields (< Ln = 83 %) and remarkable thermal stability (decomposition point = 300 °C) due to a tight-binding stmcture composed of Eu(III) ions and low-vibrational phosphine oxide, although many types of luminescent organic dyes are generally decomposed at temperatures under 200 °C. The emission quantum yields of these coordination polymers are similar to those of strong-luminescent coordination polymers in former chapters. These coordination polymers are expected to employ in optics applications such as luminescent plastics, displays, and opto-electronic devices. 

The author wishes the strategies for molecular design of luminescent lanthanide complexes described in this thesis would have contribution to development of applications in novel organic lanthanide devices, such as organic liquid lasers, luminescent plastics, optical fibers, EL devices, and temperature-sensing devices. The photochemistry of luminescent lanthanide complexes is expected to open up frontier fields between lanthanide coordination chemistry and photo-functional materials science. 

Zinc compounds are generally colorless unless the other component, eg, chromate, is colored. The lack of color of most zinc compounds in visible light is a great advantage in that they do not color paint films, plastics, mbber, cosmetics, etc. However, when excited by various types of radiation and at various temperatures, zinc oxide, sulfide, selenide [1315-09-9], and related compounds exhibit luminescence, ie, they emit colored light (see Luminescent materials). Zinc-based phosphors can be produced in many colors, depending upon the added dopants. They are used in television tubes, luminescent glasses, and various specialty products. 

CdS colorants find use in plastics, paints, soaps, mbber, paper, glass, printing inks, ceramic gla2es, textiles, and fireworks. Luminescent pigments based on CdS—ZnS are also produced. Pigments based on CdS sell for 35—60/kg. The redder materials are more expensive. 

Optical fibres composed of plastics are also transparent in the visible spectral region but optical losses reach 102 - 103 dB/km13. Their refractive index varies from 1.35 to 1.6 depending on the kind of polymer used (e.g. polymethymethacrylate PMMA -1.49). The chemical resistance is much worse than that of silica fibres and thermal stability is incomparable. On the other hand, low temperature processes of plastic fibre preparation allow us mix the starting polymer with organic dyes which enables the production of luminescent fibres suitable e.g. for fluorescence-based sensing13. 

Metal complexes, 7 573 luminescent, 26 802 of azo dyes, 9 394-401 Metal Complex Yellow, pigment for plastics, 7 366t... 

Figure 3 (A) Robot system for lipofection screening (A) Worktable with racks for microplates, buffer reservoirs, plastic, and glass vials. (B) Four tip liquid handling arm. (C) Gripper for transport of microplates and glass test tubes. (D) High power water bath sonicator. ( ) Nitrogen evaporator. (F) Microplate washer. (G) Absorbance reader. (H) Luminescence reader. (/) Transparent hood. (/) CO2 incubator with pneumatic door (from the rear, front view in B). (B) Self-constructed robotic conveyor for the transport of cell culture plates from the incubator to the worktable.

Another aspect of minerals and rocks laser-induced luminescence became important recently, especially in Israel. Terrorists have intensively used roadside Ijombs, while the plastic covers simulating local rocks have been used for camouflage of explosive materials. The possibilities of the luminescence method have been checked for the remote detection and identification of such camouflage materials. The luminescence properties of the colored plastics have been investigated in comparison with the corresponding properties of the dolomite rocks, which are imitated. 

The steady-state luminescence spectra of three different plastics are characterized by blue luminescence with Amax = 445-465 nm, while much broader liuninescence band with yellow color characterizes the dolomite rocks. These spectra are different, but not enough to differentiate between them from big distance. The decay properties have been also checked in order to improve the selective feature. It was found that luminescence intensity of rocks in the blue part of the spectrum is drastically diminished after specific delay time, while the decrease of intensity in the yellow part of the spectrum is mush more moderate. Liuninescence intensity of all plastics also diminishes after such delay, nevertheless remaining mush stronger then intensity of rocks luminescence in the blue part of the spectrum. The comparison of plastic and rock time-resolved spectra in specific time window clearly demonstrate that they are absolutely different, which made confident discrimination possible (Fig. 7.3). 

Fig. 7.3. a,b Laser-induced time-resolved luminescence spectra of plastic used for road-side bombs covering (a) and dolomite rock (b)... 

Industrial calcium carbonate (CaCOs) is mainly produced by extraction/milling of natural ore. Suitable ore-bodies include chalk, limestone, marble, and travertine. Sufficiently pure ore-bodies are selected to allow direct exploitation. The main applications include paper, paints, plastics, pharmaceuticals, etc. Luminescence and LIBS (Fig. 8.3) sorting may be used for calcium carbonate ore radiometric sorting. 

A minor measure of civilization s progress is that television androids now look more realistic their limbs flex like a human s. Artificial joints and muscles are becoming more realistic as new lightweight soft technologies replace the steels of the industrial age and even the plastics of the twentieth century. Some new materials flex when an electrical impulse is passed through, and others expand more than 100 times when the temperature is raised by 1°C. The nonmetals and metalloids play an important role in these new materials, especially in gels, composite materials, ceramics, polymers, artificial muscle, and luminescent materials. 

Since the discovery of luminescence in plastics, the investigation of the action of plastic scintillators has developed rapidly during the last few years. Scintillators based on plastics can be conceived as solid solutions of organic, luminescent substances which are embedded with low concentrations in transparent plastics capable of luminescence. The scintillation mechanism of the system polystyrene— tetraphenylbutadiene was investigated. 

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