Battery Management System

For instance, charging a 30 kWh battery in 10 minutes requires a minimum of 180 kW of power, equivalent to an office block. Fast charging, therefore, also poses a particular challenge to the battery-management system. 

As with lead-acid and Ni MH batteries, overcharging of lithium-ion batteries must be carefully controlled to prevent detrimental electrode or electrolyte decomposition. This is one of the problems that advanced battery management systems can obviate, thereby ensuring the safety of lithium-ion batteries even in extreme conditions [107]. 

As with Pb-acid and NiMH batteries, lithium-ion batteries must be controlled during their operation to prevent that overcharging conditions might occur damaging the battery. For this reason the development of battery management systems to guarantee the correct behavior in each working condition is a key issue for this type of batteries. 

Battery management systems are based on miero-controller systems. Therefore, it is possible to integrate additional, helpful features. For example, storage of historical data (data logging) and communication via the internet are possible. 

From the literature, it is known that temperature affects the performance of a battery in multiple ways. With decreasing temperature, battery capacity is reduced and cycle-life is increased. Charge-acceptance is reduced at decreasing temperature, especially if the temperature is below 0°C [30]. Temperature gradients between cells in a battery reduce capacity and lifetime [31]. Peak power increases with increasing temperature [32]. Therefore, control of battery temperature (thermal management) is an important task for a battery management system. 

This is the normal operating range for the Honda Insight, but the battery management system of this vehicle will allow a wider range of operation between 30 and 80% state-of-charge if so required by the driving pattern. 

Lei Jing-jing, et al. Power Lithium-ion Battery Management System Research Progress [J], Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2010.11(10) 1192-1195. 

Pop, V. (2008). Battery Management Systems Accurate State-of-Charge Indication for Battery-Powered Applications, Springer. 

Bergveld, H., Kniijt, W., Notten, P. L. (2002). Basic information on batteries. Battery Management Systems, vol. 1, Springer Netherlands pp. 31-53. 

Overcharge Defective connections, failure of charging circuit Yes, battery management system Yes, cell-level safety devices... 

Plett GL (2004) Extended ICalman filtering for battery management systems of LiPB-based HEV batteiy packs. J Power Sources 134 277-292. doi 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.02.033... 

Battery pack development for electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) includes many of the same considerations involved in the development of battery packs for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Typical Li-ion battery packs, also called rechargeable energy storage systems (RESS), generally include four main components (1) lithium-ion battery cells, (2) mechanical structure and/or modules, (3) battery management system (BMS) and electronics, and (4) thermal management system. 

LIBs are integrated in the electric drivetrains with electric motors/generators, power conversion units (inverters), and power monitoring and control electronics to ensure safe and smooth bus operation. The PMS includes hardware and software for the battery management system (BMS) and the thermal management system (TMS) that monitor... 

Battery management systems (BMSs) are real-time systems controlling many functions vital to the correct and safe operation of the electrical energy storage system in EVs and PHEVs. This includes monitoring of temperatures, voltages and currents, maintenance scheduling, battery performance optimization, failure prediction and/or prevention as well as battery data collection/analysis. 

Battery management systems are also commonly used in other battery applications such as material handling, uninterruptible power supplies, off-grid power systems, marine and battery banks for alternative energy sources. 

D. Andrea, Battery Management Systems for Lai e lithium-ion Battery Packs. ISBN-13 978-1-60807-104-3, Artech House, 2010, 64-84. 

V. Pop, HJ. Bergveld, D. Danilov, P.P.L. Regtien, P.H.L. Notten, Battery Management Systems Accurate State-of-Charge Indication for Battery-Powered Applications. ISBN 978-1-4020-6944-4, In Philips Research Book Series, vol. 9, Springer, 2008. pp. 24-37. 

A measurement function, however, can provide precise magnitude, time, and other information that can be more useful to a larger battery management system. Similarly, the tolerances are a factor of the measurement resolution, so detection ranges can be positioned closer to one another such as in the overcurrent vs. short-circuit current example. (Note Measurement systems are often not used for short-circuit current detection due to the very fast reaction times required to protect against this abuse condition.)... 

A cell phone or laptop shows battery information (often via measured and calculated means) to a local display so the communicating function is from the battery management system to the local device s screen via the host processor. Often the display is limited to the SOC, the charge or discharge status, or perhaps the run-time remaining. 

Controlling functions can also be used with cell temperature, SOC, or other limits in addition to voltage and current, as determined by the size, complexity, and requirements of the battery management system s needs. 

Additionally, the segmentation of the battery management system is often decentralized, or distributed, to allow for dedicated functions to be segmented across the larger battery array. 

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