Thermal management system

In a phase-change controlled thermal management system, the energy associated with phase change will account for most of the heat removal... 

M.R. Jones and M.L. Wyszynski, in Vehicle Thermal Management Systems , Proc. SAE - IMECHE Conf., Columbus, OH, 1993, SAE Paper No. 931096. 

DLC films can also be used as dielectric layers for thermal management systems. In this case, the DLC film is coated on copper inserts used as heat transfer devices in multichip... 

Thermal management system is necessary because the reaction heat gradually elevates the MEA temperatures. This aspect, related also to humidification issues, requires the development of a sub-system able to control both stack temperature and heat flux inside the overall system. The related discussion is presented in Sect. 4.4. 

First of all it is important to analyze the response rate to transient or dynamic requirements of all individual sub-systems, included the stack [50]. The electrochemical phenomena that occur inside the fuel cell stack are very fast, while water and thermal management systems show an enormous inertia with respect to typical vehicle requirements. In particular working temperature is a crucial parameter for designing BOP components such as heat exchangers, condensers and humidifiers devices to match dynamic requirements. Equation 4.8 could be used to demonstrate that the thermal capacity of the whole stack limits the dynamic in temperature change. 

Most manufacturers recommend that the maximum temperature difference between cells does not exceed 5°C. Depending on the application, the power consumption of the thermal-management system may be very important. Pumps, fans, and heating devices are energy-consuming. Therefore, the control of these components should be optimized. Different types of thermal-management system have been discussed by Pesaran [33]. 

Fig. 8.25. Influence of different thermal-management systems on temperature difference between single monoblocs.

EPIC, used air as the medium for battery cooling and heating. The principle of a thermal-management system using air is shown in Fig. 8.26. 

R. L. Webb and C-Y Yang, A Comparison of R-12 and R-134a Condensation Inside Small Extruded Aluminum Plain and Micro-Fin Tubes, Proc. 2nd Vehicle Thermal Management Systems Conf., I. Mech. E., London, pp. 77-85,1995. 

The deposition of liquid by spray-wall impact can be positive in thermal management systems, or spray-painting applications, but it can be negative in IC engines, since it is directly related to the emission of pollutants. Several methods, deterministic and nondeterministic, have been reviewed. 

Maintain thermal management systems. Technicians will be required to maintain the systems used to heat and cool the fuel cell stack (membranes) and other systems. 

The system is eompleted by the balance of plant (BoP), with five major skids Generator Module, Eleetrieal Control System, Fuel Supply System (FSS), Thermal Management System (TMS), and Heat Export System (HES) [2,3],... 

Hemery C-V, Pra F, Robin J-F, Marty P (2014) Experimental performances of a batfray thermal management system using a phase change material. J Power Sources 270 349-358. doi 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.07.147... 

Battery pack development for electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) includes many of the same considerations involved in the development of battery packs for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Typical Li-ion battery packs, also called rechargeable energy storage systems (RESS), generally include four main components (1) lithium-ion battery cells, (2) mechanical structure and/or modules, (3) battery management system (BMS) and electronics, and (4) thermal management system. 

This chapter will discuss RESS design philosophy and focus on the main component systems including the lithium-ion battery cells, the mechanical structure, the BMS and control electronics, and the thermal management system. The final section will review several RESS battery applications. 

The overall battery pack design for any application depends greatly on the Li-ion cells that are used. The Li-ion cell type will determine the mechanical structure, the thermal management system, the BMS and the overall packaging. 

The RESS consists of an integration of several key elements, including the lithium-ion cells, the modules those cells are assembled into, the overall mechanictd structure, the thermal management system, and the electronics consisting of BMS, cell balancing boards, and the high-voltage connections, switches tind disconnects. 

Another variation on the module concept is being introduced by some manufacturers of small cells, which is referred to as the monobloc or simply as a block . This concept integrates the cell assembly, usually through the use of welded bus bars, into a small mechanical package with a thermal management system built in (Figure 7.1). 

The thermal management system is another key component of a lithium-ion battery design as it regulates the temperature of the lithium-ion cells within the battery during... 

One of the keys to control the pack temperature is to design a thermal management system that maintains the cell temperatures within a 2-5 °C difference throughout the life of the pack. As mentioned previously, this is the key to long life of the battery pack. 

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