BACTERIAL. LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES

Induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharides or immune cytokines in macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and glia cells. Ca2+ is not required for the enzyme activation. 

Mice that are homozygous for a disrupted Bx or B2 receptor gene are healthy, fertile and normotensive. In Bx-deficient mice, bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced hypotension is diminished and the recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to the sites of tissue injury is impaired, and the animals show signs of hypoalgesia. Deletion of the B2 gene in mice leads to salt-sensitive hypertension and altered nociception. 

Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) is usually not constitutively expressed, but can be induced in macrophages by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), cytokines and other-agents. Although primarily identified in macrophages, expression of the enzyme can be stimulated in virtually any cell or tissue, provided the appropriate inducing agents have been identified (for review see [1] and [3]). 

M16. Mathison, J. C., Wolfson, E., and Ulevitch, R. J., Participation of tumor necrosis factor in the mediation of gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced injury in rabbits. J. Clin. Invest. 81, 11925-11937(1988). 

Cesta, M.F. et al. (2010) Bacterial lipopolysaccharide enhances PDGF signaling and pulmonary fibrosis in ratsexposed to carbon nanotubes. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, 43 (2), 142-151. 

Scheuerermaly, C.C., Eckmann, L., Kagnoff, M.F., Falco, M.T. and Maly, F.E. (1994) Colonic epithelial cell lines as a source of interleukin-8 stimulation by inflammatory cytokines and bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Immunology 81, 85-91. 

Wollenwebcr, H.-W., and Morrison, D.C. (1985) Synthesis and biochemical characterization of a pho-toactivatable, iodinatable, cleavable bacterial lipopolysaccharide derivative. J. Biol. Chem. 260, 15068-15074. 

E. H. Kass and S. M. Wolff (Eds.), Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides. The Chemistry, Biology, and Clinical Significance of Endotoxins, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, III., 1973. 

C. Galanos, O. Luderitz, E. Th. Rietschel, and O. Westphal in T. W. Goodwin. (Ed.), International Review of Biochemistry, Vol. 14, Biochemistry of Lipids II Newer Aspects of the Chemistry and Biology of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides, with Special Reference to Their Lipid A Component, p. 239. University Park Press, Baltimore, 1977. 

Borstel laboratory where Westphal animated his pioneering work on bacterial lipopolysaccharides. 

Newburger, P. E., Dai, Q., Whitney, C. (1991). In vitro regulation of human phagocyte cytochrome b heavy and light chain gene expression by bacterial lipopolysaccharide and recombinant human cytokines. J. Biol. Chem. 266,16171-7. 

Xie s group123 measured two closely linked but separable promotors for iNOS. Lowen-stein and coworkers125 reported that bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) promotes iNOS... 

Mayer, H., U. Ramadas Bhat, H. Masoud, J. Radziejewska-Lebrecht, C. Widemann, and J.H. Krauss. 1989. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides. Pure Applied Chemistry 67 1271-1282. 

Polyclonal antibodies are produced by injecting an antigen into an animal in the presence of an adjuvant containing bacterial lipopolysaccharides that stimulate the immune system. Serum prepared from the blood contains several different classes of antibodies that interact with different domains in the antigen molecule, each of... 

Zie QW, Whisnant R, Nathan C. Promoter of the mouse gene encoding calcium-independent nitric oxide synthase confers inducibility by interferon gamma and bacterial lipopolysaccharide. J Exp Med 1993 177 1779-1784. 

Zargari, A., Gharibdoost, F., DePierre, J.W. and Flassan, M. (2005) Bacterial lipopolysaccharide both renders resistant mice susceptible to mercury-induced autoimmunity and exacerbates such autoimmunity in susceptible mice. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 141, 238-247. 

A number of stimuli are known to act as inducers of TNF production (Table 5.10). Bacterial lipopolysaccharide represents the most important inducer, and TNF mediates the pathophysiological effects of this molecule. TNF biosynthesis is regulated by both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Macrophages appear to constitutively express TNF-a mRNA,... 

Endotoxin antibodies Horse Antibodies raised against Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide... 

An alternative method to TBARS for determination of MDA is formation of the DNP derivative and quantitation by RP-HPLC with DA-UVD, recording in the 195 to 500 nm range. Other carbonyl compounds present in the sample also form the corresponding DNP compounds and are also determined. The method was applied to MDA determination in plasma of rats, after they were subjected to oxidative stress by intraparental injection of a dose of bacterial lipopolysaccharide" . 

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