B vitamins Thiamine

Micronutrients (mg/100 g) Water-soluble vitamins B-vitamins Thiamin 2.65 3.64 2.00... 

Wehmeyer et al. (1969) published results on the content of B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, and nicotinic acid), vitamin C, and p-carotene and foimd that the morama bean is a good source of both B vitamins and vitamin C, but a poor source of p-carotene. Holse et al. (2010) investigated the content of the eight vitamin E isomers and found that the vitamin E composition in morama beans is dominated by y-tocopherol with 59-234 ng/g, followed by a- and p-tocopherols with 14- 8 gg/g and 1.1-3.3 ng/g, respectively. Eurthermore, traces of 8-tocopherol as well as p- and y-tocotrienols were present in some samples. The remaining two tocotrienols (a- and 8-) were not present in the beans. The presence of a-, p-, and y-tocopherols in the morama bean was also foimd by Mitei et al. (2009) who examined morama oil and by Dubois et al. (1995) who examined two samples of T.fassoglense. 

On the other hand, milk is not only an essential food for infants, but for children and adults as well. Children need sufficient nutrients and energy to meet the demands of growth and development. Demands for nutrients such as protein, Ca, Fe, and Zn are relatively high, and teenagers require quite large amounts of B vitamins - thiamine, riboflavin and niacin. In addition, approximately 45 percent of the adult skeleton is laid down during adolescence. 

Propazine and its primary metabolite, diamino-chlorotriazine, can attenuate the pituitary LH surge, leading to disruption of estrous cycle and certain reproductive and developmental processes. Propazine causes fatty degeneration. It also blocks metabolism of sugars and carbohydrates. It may also disturb the metabolism of some of the B vitamins (thiamine and riboflavin). 

I d like to give an example of how this works. When the B vitamin thiamin is destroyed by boiling or overcooking, it is not available to work as a coenzyme with four different enzymes that require thiamin before they can break down carbohydrates to produce energy. What happens then The usual series of steps to make the energy is broken, and intermediate proteins from the disrupted process build up to toxic levels in the cells. Other enzymes and macrophages are diverted from other tasks to detoxify the overload of useless proteins. 

Thiamine pyrophosphate comes from the B vitamin thiamine. Lipoic acid is a vitamin. NAD comes from the B vitamin niacin. FAD comes from the B vitamin riboflavin. 

Hampel et al. described simultaneous determination of several B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinamide, and pyridoxal) in human milk samples using the UPLC-MS/MS method [86]. 

Thiamin (thiamine, vitamin Bi), also formerly called aneurin (antineuritic factor), is a water-soluble vitamin of the B group. Like other B vitamins, thiamin is the precursor of an important coenzyme, thiamin diphosphate (ThDP), required for the oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxo acids. However, in contrast to other B vitamins, non-cofactor roles have been proposed for thiamin derivatives. These could be mediated by two triphosphate derivatives, thiamin triphosphate (ThTP) and the recently discovered adenosine thiamin triphosphate (AThTP) (Bettendorff et al. 2007). 

At the present time we can only say that, for the continued growth of E. histolytica in vitro, cholesterol is needed. Cholesterol is inactive in promoting growth in the absence of the B vitamins (thiamine, robiflavin, nicotinic acid, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, inositol, and choline were used ), and living organisms must be present (bacteria of various kinds or Trypanosoma cruzi ). In addition a rather low oxidation-reduction potential is essential for continued growth. ... 

The simultaneous determination of the B vitamins, thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxal, pyridoxine, and pyridoxamine in a pharmaceutical product using CZE was described by Huopalahti and Sunell (90). Hydrochlorid acid was used for the extraction of the vitamins from the multivitamin-multimineral tablet. The applied potential was 6.0 kV, and a 75-p.m fused-silica capillary tubing was used. The electrolyte used was a 20-mM sodium phosphate buffer pH 9.0. A clear separation of standards as well as of the pharmaceutical sample is shown in Figure 14. This method appears to be a fast and simple technique for the simultaneous determination of water-soluble vitamins in pharmaceutical products, where the... 

M Kirchgessner, DA Roth-Maier, U Heindl, PJ Schwarz. B-vitamins (thiamin, vitamin Be, pantothenic acid) in lean tissue of growing cattle of the German Simmental breed under different feeding intensities. Z Lebensm Unters Forsch 201 20-24, 1995. 

Since the start of the enrichment program in 1941, the available supplies of the B vitamins— thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin—and of iron in the national diet have increased. The enrichment program has played a significant role in the practical elimination of the vitamin deficiency diseases ariboflavi-nosis, beriberi, and pellagra, and of simple iron deficiency anemia. 

Cereals are considered one of the best sources of B-vitamins thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, and folates, but a poor source of fat-soluble vitamins and vitamin Bi2. Most B-vitamins are associated with the aleurone. The niacin associated with cereals is found in free and bound forms. Bound niacin is not well utilized by the human system. Interestingly, the alkaline treatment of maize for production of tortillas and other traditional food products increases niacin bioavailability because the alkali and heat treatment breaks the glycosidic bond that binds free niacin with the other components (Chapters 9 and 17). 

A considerable amount of vitamin (thiamine) has been found in the red skins of Virginia-type peanuts (38) vitamin B has also been found in... 

The sohd product and its aqueous solutions are mildly acidic and irritate the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. The soHd material when moist generates the pungent, irritating odor of sulfur dioxide. Food-grade sodium metabisulfite is permitted ia those foods that are not recognized as sources of vitamin B, with which sulfur dioxide reacts (316) (see Vitamins,THIAMINE). 

Uses. Inactive dried yeasts are used as iagredients ia many formulated foods baby foods, soups, gravies, and meat extenders as carriers of spice and smoke flavors and ia baked goods. Yeasts used ia the health food iadustry are geaeraHy fortified with minerals and contain higher concentrations of the B vitamins, especially thiamin, riboflavin, and niacia (see Vitamins). 

The way in which thiamine participated in the oxidation of pyruvate became clearer when Lohmann and Schuster (1937) showed vitamin Bj to be present intracellularly as thiamine pyrophosphate. In yeast, decarboxylation of pyruvate yielded ethanal which was reduced by alcohol dehydrogenase to give ethanol. A cofactor was needed for this decarboxylation, co-carboxylase. Like the cofactor needed in animal cells for the decarboxylation of pyruvate, cocarboxylase was found to be identical to thiamine pyrophosphate. Vitamin Bj thus became the first vitamin whose intracellular function as a coenzyme had been established in vitro. Another aphorism therefore arose about vitamins—B vitamins are (parts of) coenzymes—an idea that was to be completely confirmed. 

Excretion of thiamine appears to vary from individual to individual,23 and some other data are available regarding the other better-known B vitamins.24 The differences in the excretion of nicotinic acid-like compounds strongly suggest the existence of individual pattems.25,26 The urinary excretion of vitamin B12, folic acid, and the citrovorum factor by different individuals, even on controlled diets, was found to vary through rather wide ranges (2- to 9-fold) though the study was not concerned with individual differences and individual patterns were not established. 27... 

Thiamine is chronologically the first B vitamin to be discovered, but, in spite of this, the evidence with respect to the extent of the variability of individual human needs is not as definitive as one could... 

Although thiamine (and other B vitamins) is not considered to be "stored" extensively in the usual sense, there is no question but that it is held in the tissues and that a considerable period of depletion is required before the levels become very low. 

Although we will not discuss further the question of requirements and deficiencies involving vitamin B6, much of what has been said, both with respect to thiamine and pantothenic acid, applies in principle to vitamin B6 as well. It, like the other B vitamins, functions in every cell of the body. 

The group of B vitamins consists of thiamine or aneurine (vitamin B i), riboflavin (vitamin B2), nico-... 

Vitamin B complex group Vitamin (Thiamine BENALGIS)... 

Deficiencies of thiamine and B vitamins arising from poor nutrition and malabsorption are usually the basis for these neurological sequelae. 

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