Vitamin niacin

Niacin (vitamin B3) has broad applications in the treatment of lipid disorders when used at higher doses than those used as a nutritional supplement. Niacin inhibits fatty acid release from adipose tissue and inhibits fatty acid and triglyceride production in liver cells. This results in an increased intracellular degradation of apolipoprotein B, and in turn, a reduction in the number of VLDL particles secreted (Fig. 9-4). The lower VLDL levels and the lower triglyceride content in these particles leads to an overall reduction in LDL cholesterol as well as a decrease in the number of small, dense LDL particles. Niacin also reduces the uptake of HDL-apolipoprotein A1 particles and increases uptake of cholesterol esters by the liver, thus improving the efficiency of reverse cholesterol transport between HDL particles and vascular tissue (Fig. 9-4). Niacin is indicated for patients with elevated triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol, and elevated LDL cholesterol.3... 

White and brown flour in the UK have to be fortified with calcium, iron, thiamine (vitamin Bl), and niacin (vitamin B3 also known as nicotinic acid) as follows flour should contain not less than 235 mg per 100 g and not more than 390 mg per 100 g calcium carbonate, iron not less than 1.65 mg, thiamine (vitamin Bl) not less than 0.24 mg, and nicotinic acid not less than 1.6 mg or nicotinamide (which is nutritionally equivalent to nicotinic acid) not less than 1.60 mg. 

Many common foods (such as citrus fruits), pharmaceuticals (such as AspirinT ), and some vitamins (such as niacin, vitamin B3) are weak acids. When a weak acid dissolves in water, it does not completely dissociate. The concentration of the hydronium ions, and the concentration of the conjugate base of the acid that is formed in solution, depend on the initial concentration of the acid and the amount of acid that dissociates. 

Pharmacology Niacin, vitamin B3, is the common name for nicotinic acid and niacinamide (nicotinamide). Nicotinic acid is present in the body as its active form, nicotinamide (niacinamide). 

Pharmacology Niacinamide is synonymous with nicotinamide, 3-pyridine carboxamide, and nicotinic acid amide. Niacinamide is the amide of nicotinic acid (niacin, vitamin B3). Although nicotinic acid and nicotinamide function identically as vitamins, their pharmacologic effects differ. Nicotinamide does not have the hypolipidemic or vasodilating effects characteristic of niacin (nicotinic acid). 

Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin Bg, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington National Academy, 1998. 

Niacin (vitamin B3) is converted in the body to the amide, which is incorporated into niacinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). It is excreted in the urine unmodified and as several metabolites. 

Antagonists of folic acid include aminoplerin (4-aniino-ptcroylglulamic acidj. methotrexate tamethopterin), pyrimethamine, and 4-ammo-picroylas-partic acid. Synergists include biotin, pantothenic acid, niacin, vitamins B. Bo Bf, B 2. C, and E. somatotrophin (growth hormone), and testosterone. 

Russell (44) and Ball (45) summarized multivitamin methods for foods that determined various combinations of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folacin, and biotin. 

Foods Vitamin A Vitamin C Thiamin Riboflavin Niacin Vitamin Be Vitamin B... 

Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K Vitamin Bi Vitamin Niacin Vitamin Be Folate Vitamin B12 Vitamin C... 

National Academy of Sciences Food and Nutrition Board, Dietary reference intakes for thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, biotin and choline. National Academy Press, Washington D.C., 1998, pp. 309 22. 

One-Step Production of Niacin (Vitamin Bj) and Other Nitrogen-Containing Pharmaceutical Chemicals... 

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