Chemokine signalling

Chemokine Signaling in the Nervous System and Its Role in Development and Neuropathology... 

The first report of the action of a chemokine on neurons was published in 1993. The study demonstrated that IL-8 could increase the survival of cultured neurons (Araujo and Cotman, 1993). However, as can be appreciated from its name, IL-8 was not known to be a chemokine at that time and was instead classed as an interleukin. Indeed, the expression of chemokine receptors by neurons was not generally appreciated until around 1997/1998 when several reports suggested this. These reports included observations of the expression of chemokine receptors by neuronal cell lines (Hesselgesser et al. 1997), primary cultures of neurons (Meucci et al. 1998 Ohtani et al. 1998), and in brain sections from HlV-1, Alzheimer s disease, and other patients (Horuk et al. 1997 Westmoreland et al. 1998 Xia et al. 1997). Furthermore, data were obtained, suggesting functions for chemokine signaling in the development of the nervous system (Zou et al. 1998) as well as in neuronal survival and communication (Giovannelli et al. 1998 Meucci et al. 1998). 

Lapidot T, Dar A, KoUet O (2005) How do stem cells find their way home Blood 106 1901-1910 Li Q, Shirabe K, Kuwada JY (2004) Chemokine signaling regulates sensory cell migration in zebrafish. Dev Biol 269 123-136... 

Lieberam I, Agalliu D, Nagasawa T, Eiicson J, Jessell TM (2005) A Cxcll2-CXCR4 chemokine signaling pathway defines the initial trajectory of mammalian motor axons. Neuron 47 667-679... 

Nair S, Schilling TF (2008) Chemokine signaling controls endodermal migration during zebrafish gastrulation. Science 322 89-92... 

Apart from their role in regulating chemokine signaling, opioids can also modulate chemokine or chemokine receptor expression levels in the brain. Studies suggest that morphine can alter the gene expression of both a and p chemokines and their... 

Mellado M, Rodriguez-Frade JM, Manes S, Martinez AC. Chemokine signaling and functional responses the role of receptor dimerization and TK pathway activation. Annu Rev Immunol 2001 19 397 121. 

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