Cell proliferation and differentiation

The PBRis distinct from the central BZ receptor although both can be present in the same tissues in differing ratios. PBRs are predominately localized on the outer mitochondrial membrane and are thus intracellular BZ recognition sites. The PBR is composed of three subunits an 18,000 mol wt subunit that binds isoquinoline carboxamide derivatives a 30,000 mol wt subunit that binds BZs and a 32,000 mol wt voltage-dependent anion channel subunit. The porphyrins may be endogenous ligands for the PBR. PBRs are involved in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation and steroidogenesis. 

Reports of ChE abnormalities in tumours, e.g., meningioma, glioma, acoustic neurinomas and lung cancers, megakaryocytopoietic disorders and leukemias, ovarian tumours and neuroblastomas, suggest cell proliferation and differentiation activities. 

Receptor tyrosine kinases are critical components of signaling pathways that control cell proliferation and differentiation. Enhanced RTK activity due to activating mutations or overexpression has been implicated in human cancers. Thus, selective inhibitors of RTKs have considerable value. Although a number of compounds have been identified as effective inhibitors of RTKs,... 

In another recent example, Hashimoto reported photoaffinity experiments on retinoic acid receptors (RAR). Retinoic acid plays a critical role in cell proliferation and differentiation. RARs belong to the superfamily of nuclear/ thyroid hormone receptors. They consist of six transmembrane domains (A-F) which is a general feature of these receptors. The A/B domains have an autonomous transactivation function while the C-domain contains the Zn-finger, which binds to DNA. The large E-domain participates in ligand binding, dimerization, and ligand dependent transactivation. Finally, D- and F-domains help the orientation and stabilization of the E-domain. 

Penit, C. and Vasseur, F. Cell proliferation and differentiation in the fetal and early postnatal mouse thymus, J. Immunol., 142, 3369, 1989. 

The toxicity of C60 has been found to be related to its ability to cause oxidative stress (Oberdorster, 2004 and Sayes et al., 2005, 2007). However, literature describing the toxicity of C60 is contradictoiy. The first report on C60 cytotoxicity originated from Tsuchiya et al. who found that C60 inhibited cell proliferation and differentiation dose-dependently in mouse midbrain cells treated at -400 pg/ml for six days. Tsuchiya et al. proposed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributed to C60 cytotoxicity. The ROS generation and embryo head abnormalities suggested that C60 may contribute to brain and neuronal diseases such as Down syndrome, Alzheimer s, and Parkinson s disease (Tsuchaiya, 1996). The research that... 

Gaudreault M, Carrier P, Larouche K, Leclerc S, Giasson M, Germain L, Guerin SL. Influence of spl/sp3 expression on corneal epithelial cells proliferation and differentiation properties in reconstructed tissues. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44 1447-1457 (2003). 

Borgatti P, Mazzoni M, Carini C, Neri LM, Marchisio M, Bertolaso L, Previati M, Zauli G, Capitani S 996) Changes of nuclear protein kinase C activity and isotype composition in PCI 2 cell proliferation and differentiation. Exp Cell Res 224 72-78... 

Murray NR, Baumgardner GP, Burns DJ, Fields AP (1993) Protein kinase C isotypes in human erythroleukemia (K562) cell proliferation and differentiation. Evidence that beta II protein kinase C is required for proliferation. J Biol Chem 268 15847-15853... 

Interleukin-1 QL-l) T cell activation, B cell proliferation and differentiation... 

Cancer is a disease of cells characterized by a shift in the control mechanism which govern cell proliferation and differentiation and the anticancer agents either kill cancer... 

Biological issues (i) Mg bioavailabihty, metabolism and physiology . (ii) Cell proliferation and differentiation , (iii) Animal husbandry. (iv) Magnesium in blood . (v) Genetic regulation , (vi) Mineral phase composition of bone and teeth . (vii) Brain and nervous system , (viii) Renal handling of magnesium . 

Li, Y., Chen, J., Chopp, M. (2002). Cell proliferation and differentiation from ependymal, subependymal and choroid plexus cells in response to stroke in rats. J Neurol Sci, 193, 137-46. 

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