Lymphocyte-activating factor

As a consequence of the various approaches adopted in naming and classifying cytokines, it is hardly surprising to note that many are known by more that one name. IL-1, for example, is also known as lymphocyte activating factor (LAF), endogenous pyrogen, leukocyte endogenous mediator, catabolin and mononuclear cell factor. This has led to even further confusion in this field. 

IL-l is also known as lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF), endogenous pyrogen and catabolin. It displays a wide variety of biological activities and has been appraised clinically in several trials. 

Lymphocyte-activating factor enhances activation of T and B cells, NK cells, and macrophages T-cell growth factor stimulates T-cell growth and effector differentiation stimulates B-cell proliferation/differentiation Mast-cell growth factor stimulates... 

Smith, KA, Gilbride KJ, Favata MF. 1980. Lymphocyte activating factor promotes T-cell growth factor production by cloned murine lymphoma cells. Nature. 287 853-855. 

Interleukin-1 (lymphocyte-activating factor) Interleukin-2 (T-cell growth factor)... 

MDP stimulated human monocytes to release lymphocyte-activating factor. Similarly, when purified mouse macrophages were exposed to MDP, they were found to produce a supernatant factor which restored macrophage-deficient lymph-node cell cultures.35 Moreover, in the presence of MDP, cultured murine spleen cells were reported to release a soluble mediator which stimulated antibody responses of other cultured spleen cells. 3- production of this factor could be blocked by an antiserum specific for mouse macrophages. 3. Finally, MDP was also capable of inducing the formation of colony-stimulating factor in cultures of mouse macrophages. ... 

L + A lab LAC LAD LAD-MIN LAE LAF light and accommodation laboratory laceration long arm cast left anterior descending left axis deviation left axis deviation minimal left atrial enlargement lymphocyte-activating factor laminar air flow Latin American female... 

A second example is interleukin 1, which was first defined as a lymphocyte activity factor produced by macrophages and other cell types (84, 85). Interleukin activities are mediated by two distinct protease products (interleukin la and interleukin IjS) (86, 87). Plasmids containing interleukin 1/3 have been used to express both wild-type and mutant proteins in E. coli (88). The nucleotide sequence shows the presence of two cysteines located at amino acids 8 and 71. 

Purification and Biochemical Properties of IL-2. Early approaches to the purification of IL-2 involved classical preparative and chromatographic methods coupled with a search for T cell lines which did not produce other factors (such as colony stimulating factor, B cell growth factors, lymphocyte activating factor). IL-2 from the cloned human leukemia T-cell line JURKAT has been used for purification and... 

Oppenheim, j. j., a. Togawa, L. Chedid, and S. Mizel Components of Mycobacteria and muramyl dipeptide with adjuvant activity induce lymphocyte activating factor. Cell. Immunol. 50, 71 (1980). 

Ah = Antibody IL = interleukin TNF =tumornecrosis factor INF = interferon LAK =lymphocyte-activated killer CSF =colony stimulating factors and FGF = fibroblast growth factor. 

Etienne MC, Milano G, Fleming RA et al. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity in lymphocytes predictive factor for 5-fluorouracil clearance. Bull Cancer 1992 79 1159-1163. 

AIDS represents the classic example of immunodeficiency disease caused by extrinsic factors, in this instance the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This virus exhibits a strong tropism for CD4 T helper cells these become depleted, giving rise to increased frequency of opportunistic infections and malignancies in infected individuals. AIDS is also characterized by an imbalance in THl and TH2 cells, and the ratios of cells and their functions are skewed toward TH2. This results in hypergammaglobulinemia, loss of cytotoxic lymphocyte activity, and delayed hypersensitivity. 

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