Immune privilege

Takada T et al (2002) Fas ligand exists on intervertebral disc cells a potential molecular mechanism for immune privilege of the disc. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 27(14) 1526-1530... 

O Rourke J, Cone RE The induction of splenic suppressor T ceUs through an immune-privileged site requires an intact sympathetic nervous system. J Neuroimmunol 2004 153 40-49. 

D Orazio TJ, Mayhew E, Niederkorn JY Ocular immune privilege promoted by the presentation of peptide on toler-genic B cells in the spleen. II. Evidence for presentation by Qa-1. J Immunol 2001 166 26-32. 

Griffith TS, Brunner T, Fletcher SM, Green DR, et al. 1995. Fas ligand-induced apoptosis as a mechanism of immune privilege. Science. 270 11889-1192. 

The neurosensory retina is an immune privileged tissue situated in a highly protected compartment with multiple defense lines (Figure 24.3). Like brain neurons, the retinal neurons... 

Fandrich, F., Lin, X., Zhu, X., Kloppel, G., Parwaresch, R. and Kremer, B. (1998). CD95L confers immune privilege to liver grafts which are spontaneously accepted. Transplant Proc. 30, 1057-1058. 

Kang, S. M., Schneider, D. B., Lin, Z. H., Hanahan, D., Dichek, D. A., Stock, P. G. and Baekkeskov, S. (1997). Fas ligand expression in islets of Langer-hans does not confer immune privilege and instead targets them for rapid... 

Corradi JP, Yang C, Darnell JC, Dalmau J, Darnell RB. A post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism restricts expression of the paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration antigen cdr2 to immune privileged tissues. J Neurosci 1997 17(4) 1406-1415. 

Niederkorn JY (2006) See no evil, hear no evU, do no evil the lessons of immune privilege. Nat Immunol 7 354-359... 

Sdeilein JW (1993). Immune privilege as the result of local dssue baniers and immunosuppressive microenvironments. Curr Opin Immunol 5 428 32. 

The phenomenon of immune privilege was initially described by Dooremal in 1873 (van Dooremal, 1873). He noticed that tumor cells injected into the AC of the eye formed growing tumors unlike tumor cells injected into skin or other organs. Meclawar discovered that transplants between genetically different incUviduals usually were destroyed due to the ability of the immune system to detect alien molecules on the graft. However, skin grafts placed in the AC of the eye and in the brain of rabbits survived much... 

It is now recognized that both active and passive factors of immune privileged sites contribute to their status. It has been know n for over 100 years that the AC of the eye possessed qualities allow ing a long-term survival of tissue and tumor grafts (van Dooremal, 1873). In the late 1970s Kaplan and Streilein discovered that antigenic cells placed into the AC w ere not only detected by the immune system, but also elicited a dow nregulation of alloimmune responses (Kaplan et al., 1975 Kaplan and Streilein, 1977). 

Table 5.1. Factors responsible for ocular- immune privilege.

It is known that ACAID contributes to ocular tumor survival and long-term survival of orthoptic corneal allografts. Some experiments showed that removal of NKT cells prevented the continued acceptance of ocular tumors and caused the elimination of the immune privilege of the eye. Without functioning NKT cells, mice were not able to accept orthoptic corneal allografts for prolonged periods of time (Sonoda et al., 2002). This data demonstrates the essential role of NKT cells in the generation of ACAID. New information about ACAID may lead to application of ACAID mechanisms in prevention and treatment of immune-media ted inflammatory diseases in humans. 

Some of the molecular mechanisms necessary to achieve and maintain immune privilege in the AC also exist in subretinal space. 

Wliich statement is not tnxe regarding immune privilege ... 

D Orazio TJ, Niederkorn JY (1998b) A novel role for TGF-beta and IL-10 in the induction of immune privilege. J Immunol 160 2089-2098. 

Skelsey ME, Mellon J, Niederkom JY (2001) Gamma delta T cells are needed for ocular immune privilege and corneal graft survival. J Immunol 166 4327 333. 

Sonoda KH, Exley M, Snapper S, Balk S, Stein-Streilein J (1999) CDl-reacdve natural killer T cells are required for development of systemic tolerance through an immune-privileged site. J Exp Med. 190 1215-1226. 

Sti eilein JW, Takeuchi M, Taylor AW (1997) Immune privilege, T-cell tolerance and dssue-restiicted autoimmunity. Hum Immunol 52 138-143. 

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