Scintillation vials

General procedure for Suzuki coupling. 4-Bromoanisole (125 pL, 1 mmol), phenylboronic acid (186 mg, 1.5 mmol), K2CO3 (0.55 g, 4 mmol) and the BaCei.j,Pdj,03.j, catalyst were mixed in a 20 ruL scintillation vial. A preheated 2-propanol/water solution (IPA/H2O, 1 1 v/v, 12 ruL, 80°C) was added, the vial was immediately placed on a hot plate stirrer and its temperature was maintained at (80 1) °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 1000 rpm for 3 min, then cooled to room temperature. The 4-methoxybiphenyl product was extracted with diethyl ether (3 x 15 ruL). The organic fractions were washed with deionized water and dried with MgS04. After filtration, volatiles were removed under reduced pressure to yield the isolated product. 

Step-13 Pipette out 1.0 ml of solution from tubes 1 and 2 into correspondingly numbered scintillation vials. These vials will give the total count per assay. Also pipette 1.0 ml of each clear supernatant into a correspondingly numbered scintillation vial,... 

A small portion (0.2 ml) of the supemate is removed and placed in a scintillation vial containing 0.5 ml of distilled water and 5 ml of scintilation fluid,... 

The contents of the scintillation vial are mixed thoroughly, and the radioactivity is measured in a Liquid Scintillation Counter for 10 minutes,... 

Each supemate, containing the unbound 3H-clonazepam, is decanted into a scintillation vial and toluene is added,... 

The tubes are then centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 4 minutes and immediately 0.5 ml of the supemate is transferred into scintillation vials, and... 

The filters are dried under a heat lamp, transferred to scintillation vials and counted for radioactivity after addition of 5 ml of scintillation fluid. This is used to estimate the amount of bound radioligand. 

Many times swab samples have to be taken at a remote location where the equipment necessary for the analysis may not be available. Because the samples would be in transit for 24-48 h, an alternative to using test tubes for sample transport was investigated. Screw-cap scintillation vials either with a polyethylene insert or with an aluminum foil liner in the top of the cap were tested. Four polyester swabs were placed into each vial along with 10 mL of 1.00 pg/mL 50 50 ethanohwater solution of clarithromycin or 10 mL of 50 50 ethanohwater. The vials were capped and then shaken to wet the surface of the vials. Half the vials were refrigerated and the other half were left at room temperature on the... 

TABLE 4 Stability of a 1.00 Mg/mL Solution of Clarithromycin in Scintillation Vials Containing Polyester Swabs at Room Temperature (RT) and Under Refrigeration (Refrig.)... 

From the data, loss of clarithromycin is obvious in the solutions stored in the scintillation vials with the polyethylene cap inserts at all data points. No loss was seen in the solutions stored in the scintillation vials with the aluminum liners in the caps for 48 h at any of the storage conditions. 

Dilute a membrane preparation to about 0.4 mg protein per milliter or cell suspensions to about 10 cells/ml with Soln. A. Prepare four 1 3 dilution series of Soln. B using Soln. A as diluent (dilutions 0 to 4 ). Pipet 50 pi of dilutions 0 to 4 as duplicates into scintillation vials to define the total radioactivity values Totalo to Total4. ... 

Filter the samples on Whatman GF/C glass fiber filters, wetted with Soln. E, in a holder manifold and wash twice with 2 ml of ice-cold Soln. D. Transfer the filters into scintillation vials, add scintillation cocktail, and count for radioactivity. 

A 25-ml scintillation vial was charged with the step 1 product (7 g), tin(II)-2-ethyl-hexanoate, and ethylene glycol (7.507 mmol) and then thoroughly shaken using a KEM-Lab vortex mixer at 35 rpm. This mixture was then treated with 4,4 -methylene-bis(cyclohexylisocyanate) (11.262 mmol) and then further shaken by the vortex mixer for 1 minute. The vial was then placed into a heat shaker for 15 minutes and stirred to ensure its consistency and then returned to the heat shaker for 3.45 hours. Half of the hot mixture was removed from the vial and placed into a second vial, which was treated with 15 ml of /V, V-d i met h I ace tam i de and put onto the shaker until the biodegradable elastomer was dissolved. This solution was then precipitated in 1000 ml of water, the dissolution/precipitation process being repeated twice. Thereafter the precipitated polymer was isolated and purified by lyophilization. 

Pipette carefully 400 pi from the upper phase (total volume 675 pi) in scintillation vials and add counting fluid suitable for counting water containing samples (Ultima Gold) measure the radioactivity in a scintillation counter. 

Add 200 pi water to the cell pellet and sonicate briefly at low power. Use 50 pi homogenate for a protein determination and 100 pi for lipid extraction. To 100 pi homogenate add 4 ml chloroform/methanol 2/1 (v/v). Leave for 1 h at room temperature and add 0.8 ml of 0.73% NaCl. Vortex and centrifuge for 5 min at 1000xg to separate the phases. Remove the lower chloroform phase and add 10 nmol cho-lesteryl oleate and 10 nmol triolein as a cold carrier. Dry the sample under nitrogen. Take the sample up in 25 pi chloroform/methanol 2/1 (v/v) and spot the sample on a silica gel plate (0.5 cm streak). Rinse the tube with 25 pi chloroform/methanol 2/1 (v/v) and spot the sample on a silica gel plate. Develop the plate with hexane/diethyl-ether/acetic acid, 70/30/1 (v/v/v). Remove the plate from the tank when the solvent front almost reaches the top, dry the plate, and expose briefly to iodine vapor to localize the cholesteryl oleate. Scrape the spots into scintillation vials, mix thoroughly, and count in a scintillation counter. 

To extract the liberated fatty acids, 1.5 ml of 0.1 mM carbonate-bicarbonate buffer, pH 10.5 is added and the mixture is shaken for 10 s. Centrifugation for 45 min at 1500 xgin a swing-out rotor will separate the water from the lower organic phase. In a scintillation vial, 2 ml of the upper water phase are mixed with 50 pi of glacial acetic acid containing 500 pg ferric acid before the scintillation liquid is added (16 ml of Ecoscint toluene (7 1 volume). Liquid scintillation counting is done for 5 min and the LPL activity is calculated from the difference in counts between the blank and the sample vials [40]. 

Figure 7. Release profile from sonicated capsules. Samples that were to be treated with sonic energy were placed in the polypropylene cages and immersed in 10 ml of physiological saline in scintillation vials. The vials were subjected to 3 minutes of sonication at 4 C in a sonic bath. The capsules were then transferred to fresh buffer and the release of myoglobin was followed (- -) and compared with release from capsules containing free myoglobin (-x-).

Following the separation of GSL by thin-layer chromatography, the GSLs were stained with iodine vapour and gel zones that corresponded in chromatographic migration with authentic human GSL of known chemical structure were scraped, transferred into scintillation vials and counted in 10 ml of "Liquiscint"... 

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