Process control, automated

Abbott, M. Roth R.J. Henry, Automated Process Control of Moisture II — Optical Moisture Analyzer , PATR 4298 (1971)... 

Figure 4.20 Schematic of the FDEMS sensor smart system for monitoring quality and for expert automated process control...

The term computer system can define any of the following desktop systems client or of the following desktop systems client or server systems automated process control and laboratory systems host-based systems data acquisition and analysis systems and all associated software. The associated software comprises application software or firmware, system software, and computer system supporting documentation. ... 

Lopez, O, Automated Process Control Systems Verification and Validation, Pharmaceutical Technology, September 1997. 

Custom-built systems (e.g., automated process control systems)... 

Miniaturized near-infrared sensors were developed and implemented for online analysis and automated process control to also meet the safety requirements for handling of ozone and halogenating agents [49,50]. A target is to reduce the time from process idea to production (time-to-market) as well as development costs and costs for installation of the production unit. As pharmaceutical industry relies on the manufacture of many different products on smaller scale, and intermediates in quantities ranging from some kilograms to tons per year a modular approach toward a multipurpose microreactor plant is demanded. 

Steady-state operation with fully automated process control. 

Lopez, O. (1997). Automated process control systems verification and validation. Pharm. Technol. 21(9), 100-108. 

Automation - process controllers, host computers, robotics. 

Cliff, M.J. Granulation end-point and automated process control of mixer-granulators Part 1. Pharm. Tech. 1990,... 

Many kinds of sensors are needed to measure the process parameters important for effective operation of any type of chemical process. The principles of manual or automated process control require, first of all, an appropriate variable, which needs to be measured—temperature, pressure, pH, viscosity, water content, etc.—in order to study the progress of the reaction or separation process. For the measured variable to be significant in the control of the process it must represent a control parameter, such as steam flow, pump speed, or acid addition rate which, when altered, will cause a response in the measured variable. Finally, there must be some actuating mechanism between the... 

Figure 23.2 Automated process control using in-line/at-line sensors.

The use of analytical data for automated process control can save millions of dollars in improved production efficiencies and product quality. 

The use of automated process controls and processing equipment is more likely to be utilized in an excipient plant than in a finished dosage form manufacturing plant Use of automated equipment is appropriate when adequate inspection, calibration, and maintenance procedures are utilized. Production equipment and operations will vary depending on the type of excipient being produced, the scale of production, and the type of operation (i.e., batch vs continuous). 

Proc. SPIE, Vol. 401 Thin Film Technologies (1983) paper No.401 - 12. Leybold-Leycom IV, automated process control. 

The successful implementation of automated instruments in routine monitoring functions has led to their increased use in automated process-control. Process control is accomplished by means of the control loop, which contains at least three parts ... 

Automated process control can utilize any of several modes of control, the choice being dictated by the dynamic characteristics of the process. Several of these methods are discussed below. 

Proportional-plus-integral control is the most generally useful control mode and therefore the one usually applied to automated process-control. Its major limitation is in processes with large dead-time and capacitance if reset time is faster than process dead-time, the controller-response changes are faster than the process, and cycling results. In these cases, derivative control is beneficial. 

Automatic instruments with discrete (batch) sample handling and analysis have special problems when used for automated process-control. These instruments consist of a sampling system, an analyzer, and a memory device that maintains the... 

Billions of tests are run annually in clinical chemistry laboratories automation has therefore played a large role there. In the preceding sections, automated process-control systems were described. The first part of the present section describes the needs of the clinical chemistry laboratory as they relate to automation. The remainder will be devoted primarily to how clinical instruments are automated and which instrumental methods are most commonly used. Selected instruments will be described. 

The MES concept describes an area of functionality rather than a specific type of system, namely the area in a classical system hierarchy between high level planning systems (MRP II systems or ERP systems) and shop floor control (which includes both manual and automated process control systems). MES systems support manufacturing processes by providing planning, execution and reporting functions. 

The advantage of on-site and high-speed measurements are key motivations to apply IMS in traditional industrial interests, namely, analysis of feedstock purity and product composition, although these are, in this moment, somewhat limited in number and variety. An extension of this idea that has been explored in proof-of-concept applications is monitoring the processes or stages in production of food and beverages. In this application, the IMS measurement is considered objective in measures of odors or flavors, can be automated, and may be integrated into continuous, automated process control. 

Typical processing conditions for these blends are normally 30 C or more below the temperatures of this study with residence times of 3 minutes or less so that we would expect the observed effects of thermal degradation to be minimal in normal molding practice. Nevertheless, in a molding shop without automated process control, this type of processing temperature may occur occasionally and could cause product embrittlement. 

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