Auditory function hearing

Suggestive evidence of a lead-related decrease in hearing acuity in children has been reported by Robinson et al. (1985) and Schwartz and Otto (1987, 1991). Hearing thresholds at 2,000 Hertz increased linearly with maximum blood lead levels, indicating that lead adversely affects auditory function. The PbB levels in 75 asymptomatic black children, 3-7 years old, ranged from 6 to 59 tg/dL (mean,... 

The mechanosensory systems of fish, including the lateral line, are closely related to the mammalian hearing system [12]. Besides possessing the typical vertebrate inner ear, fish possess the lateral line organs that contain sensory hair cells. These analogies are most relevant in toxicology and dmg discovery and evaluation, as some of the pharmaceuticals already detected in aquatic ecosystems as emerging pollutants affect the auditory function in humans. 

Auditory effects Perform periodic auditory function tests during chronic fenoprofen therapy in patients with impaired hearing. 

Yin, T.C.T. and Chan, J.C.K. (1988) Neural mechanisms underlie interaural time sensitivity to tones and noise. In W.E. Gall, G.M. Edelman, and W.M. Cowans (Eds.), Auditory Function Neurobiological Bases of Hearing. Wiley, pp. 385 130. 

LOOP DIURETICS CISPLATIN t risk of auditory toxic effects with cisplatin Loop diuretics cause tinnitus and deafness as side-effects. Additive toxic effects on auditory system likely Monitor hearing - test auditory function regularly, particularly if patients report symptoms such as tinnitus or impaired hearing... 

Serious adverse effects of aminobisphosphonates were reported in otospongiosis. Of two patients with stapedial otosclerosis and sensorineural hearing loss one developed total bilateral deafness and the other retained minimal auditory function in the low frequencies (25). It was recommended that sensorineural deafness in selected patients with otosclerosis should be treated with sodium fluoride, and that patients with Paget s disease treated with aminobisphosphonates should be closely monitored and the drug discontinued immediately if hearing deteriorates. Elsewhere, ototoxicity has been reported (SEDA-20, 440). 

The remaining step in the process is also a critical one. Somehow the action of the neurotransmitters must cease. If they continue to cross the synapse, or are not removed from the receptors of the postsynaptic cell, they will continue to activate that cell. An overexcited or inhibited nerve cell is not capable of proper function. For example, schizophrenia is a mental disease that is caused by the brain s inability to eliminate excitatory neurotransmitters. The nerve cells continue firing, even when they need not, and the incorrect brain chemistry results in debilitating symptoms such as auditory hallucinations—hearing voices that are not actually there, see also Enzymes Neurotoxins Neurotransmitters Stimulants. 

McFadden SL, Campo P, Quaranta N, Henderson D (1997) Age-related decline of auditory function in the chinchilla (Chinchilla laniger). Hear Res 111(1-2) 114-126. doi 10.1016/ 80378-5955(97)00099-3... 

Lamm K, Arnold W. The effect of blood flow promoting drugs on cochlear blood flow, peril3mphatic pO(2) and auditory function in the normal and noise-damaged hypoxic and ischemic guinea pig inner ear. Hear Res 2000 141 199-219. 

Auditory function In a cross-sectional study of the frequency of sensorineural hearing loss in 67 patients (minimum age 5, maximum 24 years) receiving regular deferoxamine by subcutaneous pump infusion for P-thalasse-mia the mean dose was 50 mg/kg/day on a... 

Auditory function Auditory nerve neuropathy in a neonate has been associated with linezolid [ISl ]. Although the neonate had been treated with an aminoglycoside before switching to linezolid, the authors speculated that linezolid had been the causative agent. The hearing loss did not recover and the baby was assessed for cochlear implants. 

Sensory systems Auditory and vestibular function In 93 patients with acute uncomplicated malaria auditory function was tested before and after a 3-day course of artesunate 4 mg/kg/day combined with mefloquine 25 mg/kg, using tympanometry, audiometry, and auditory brain stem response [26 ]. Hearing loss on day 0 was common (57%) and was associated with age only. However, no patient had a threshold change exceeding 10 decibels between day 0 and day 7 at any tested frequency, and none had a shift in wave III peak latency of more than 0.3 msec between baseline and day 7. Thus, there was no evidence of auditory toxicity in these patients 7 days after a course of artesunate and mefloquine. 

Sensory systems Auditory function Sensorineural hearing loss has been attributed to interferon plus ribavirin [25 ]. 

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders lists several distinct criteria necessary for a diagnosis of schizophrenia.5 These criteria include a marked disturbance in the thought process, which may include bizarre delusions and auditory hallucinations (i.e., hearing voices ). Also, a decreased level of function in work, social relations, and self-care may be present. Other factors include the duration of these and additional symptoms (at least 6 months) and a differential diagnosis from other forms of mental illness (such as affective disorders and organic brain syndrome). 

Olfactory, visual, auditory, vestibular and tactile functioning and pain and temperature sensitivity should all be tested. Not only the presence or absence of sensory functioning, but also the range of sensitivity should be investigated. For instance, not only the capacity to hear is Important, but also the range of frequencies that can be detected. There are tests for most aspects of sensory capacity, several of vhich can be used in their present form in young rat pups (see e.g. refs. 109, 136, 177, 182, 186, 188). 

Compared with aminoglycosides, which caused significant loss of hair cells in the basal turn of the cochlea, ofloxacin caused no loss of hair cells in rats, even at concentrations higher than are achieved clinically (5). Moreover, auditory brainstem testing showed no change in auditory thresholds in the ofloxacin-treated animals, whereas neomycin-treated animals showed substantial threshold shifts. In human studies, topical ofloxacin 0.3% had no demonstrable adverse effects on middle ear or cochlear function and was not associated with any changes in hearing. 

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