Flea control

Use pattern Seed, foliar and soil application for sucking insects, some beetles, bollweevils and leafminers for fruits, vegetables, field crops, trees, ornamentals and turf. Used as a termaticide, flea control on domestic pets and ant bait. 

This study was conducted to evaluate and compare ADD determined using whole-body dosimetry with results of two situational exposure studies conducted following use of a flea fogger under natural conditions. Chlorpy-rifos was selected due to its general availability as a fogger for indoor flea control. Chlorpyrifos is poorly absorbed by the dermal route and readily cleared from the body in urine (Nolan et al., 1984). Trichloropyridinol was measured in 24-hr urine specimens of the volunteers and was converted to chlorpyrifos equivalents as a measure of absorbed dose. The study provided an opportunity to determine the relationship between intensive, high-contact dosimetry studies and the amounts of chlorpyrifos absorbed by two sets of adults who re-entered fogger-treated homes. 

K.A. Santora, M. Zakson-Aiken, C. Rasa, W. Shoop, Development of a mouse model to determine the systemic activity of potential flea-control compounds. Vet. Parasitol. 

For online shops that sell organic flea products, Google organic anti-flea products or organic flea control and you will find many possibilities. 

You can find more information, among other places, through Google (search natural flea control ). 

Lufenuron is used for control of lepidopterous and coleopterous larvae on cotton, maize, and vegetables, and citrus whiteflies and mites on citrus. It is also used as a flea-control agent. Its oral LD50 in rats is >2000 mg/kg. 

The global ectoparasiticide sales for 1998 were 1.35 billion (Figure 14). As we have noted earlier, the new flea control agents, fipronil, imidacloprid and lufenuron, command a substantial slice of this. Despite concerns about environmental and worker toxicity, organophosphates are still major products in the livestock sector. 

Neonicotinoids are effective against homopterans, coleopterans, and lepidopterans. They act systemi-cally because of their water solubility, being especially active against sucking insects. Their water solubility makes them useful for application in seed treatments. Low mammalian toxicity allows their use for flea control in dogs and cats. Their environmental stability at neutral or mild acidic media is valuable in soil applications, for example, against termites. 

Bennett, G.W. and Lund, R.D. (19771. Evaluation of encapsulated pyrethrins (Sectrol" 1 ) for Gentian cockroach and cal flea control. Pest Contnti45, 44—50. 

Within the pet care market over 74% of liquids and aerosol products now contain PBO, usually as a synergist for pyrethrins, but also with other active ingredients. Flea control is a major problem. 

Kramer, F. and Mencke, N. 2001. Flea Biology and Control The Biology of Cat Flea Control and Prevention with Imidacloprin in Small Animals. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 192 pp. 

Treatment of pets (dogs and cats) for flea control once each week. 

Topical monthly flea control products Fomiulations include fipronil, imidacloprid. Low oral toxicity following ingestion of less than 2-3 mL. Dermal and ocular irritation may occur. 

Starting from the cyclic nithiazine (5) [1, 2, 3, 4], nitenpyram (1, 1995, Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd., no v Sumitomo Chemical Takeda Agro Company Ltd.) [5] was discovered during optimization of substituents of an open-chain nitro-ethene [6], It was introduced to the Japanese market in 1995 under the trade name Bestguard . In 1999, Novartis Animal Health introduced 1 as a systemic, fast-acting, adult flea control product in cats and dogs in veterinary medidne under the trade name Capstar (oral tablet formulation) [7]. 

Ames RG, Brown SK, Rosenberg J, Jackson RJ, Stratton JW, Quenon SG (1989) Health symptoms and occupational exposure to flea control products among California pet handlers. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 50 466-472 Astarita C, Di Martino P, Scala G, Franzese A, Sproviero S (1996) Contact allergy another risk to Tetranychus urticae. J Allergy Clin Immunol 98 732-738... 

Methoprene (marketed as Precor), an insect juvenile hormone mimic used in flea control products for pets, works by preventing the development of flea eggs and larvae. The effective form of methoprene, shown here, is optically active. Locate the stereogenic center and determine its configuration (R,S). 

Marsella R (1999) Advances in flea control. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 29 1407... 

MacDonald JM (1995) Flea control An overview of treatment concepts fm North America. 

Fipronil as an insecticide was first introduced by Rhone Poulenc Agro in 1993. It is also used for termite and fruit fly control in Australia and throughout the Pacific Region, but not registered yet in the U.S. for that use. Fipronil acts by blocking the chloride channels in the central nervous system (1) and is very effective in the case of flea control on pets (2,3) and wild animals (4). Its... 

Pyrethrins and pyrethroids are used fur flea control and as insecticklal premise sprays when stnall animals are ptesei -... 

Excessive use of flea control sprays or dips can lead to tlermal exposure. 

B. I Sources. Rotenone is used in flea control products and prem insecticides, and as a topical prt3duct for the eradication of brjvine Hyfxjderma larvae. 

Common synthetic insect repellent combined with fenvalerate in flea control products for dogs and cats... 

Sximithrin (d-phenothrin) was also evaluated in home laundry studies identical to those described for permethrin and excellent results were obtained (Bry et al., 1983). An RTU (Ready-to-Use) formulation of tetramethrin and d-phenothrin formulated as a treatment for cockroach and flea control (Bry et al., 1984) using lower concentrations of Al (0.05% tetramethrin and 0.10% d-phenothrin) applied at five g of spray per square foot was also very effective against black and furniture carpet beetles and webbing clothes moth larvae when the treated wool was stored in a darkened closet for six months. 

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