Rhinitis atrophic

Weakly absorbed aminoisoxazole (636) has reported antidiarrheal effects in pigs without any side effects (77MIP41600). Sulfanilamide isoxazoles have been used to control atrophic rhinitis in newborn swine. 

Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) is the major pathogenic factor responsible for atrophic rhinitis, a disease which is characterized by bone loss in the nose of pigs. PMT is a 145 kDa single-chain exotoxin, which activates Goq protein (but not Gan) and stimulates phospholipase C 3. In addition, G12/i3 proteins and subsequently Rho pathways are activated. 

Porcilis AR-T DF (combination vaccine containing a recombinant modified toxin from Pasteurella multocida) Intervet Reduction in clinical signs of progressive atrophic rhinitis in piglets... 

The therapy of atrophic rhinitis by means of vitamin A-containing nose drops showed that high-dose topical application of the vitamin leads to the restitution of mefaplastically modified nasal mucosa, side effects, especially differentiation impairments, were not reported (Breuninger and Kahn, 1960 Duncan and Briggs, 1962). 

The obtained results confirm earlier findings where vitamin A-deficient rats were used to prove the uptake of retinyl esters into lung, liver, kidney, and plasma after inhalation thereof (Biesalski, 1996). However, long-term topical administration of high vitamin A concentrations is a well-established therapy in atrophic rhinitis, rhinitis sicca, and metaplastic changes in the nasal or ocular epithelium (Deshpande et ah, 1997 Simm, 1980). The application leads to the normalization of mucous membranes and reappearance of a normal function with no side effects. 

Compounds like naphazoline and xylometazoline are relatively selective agonists, which on topical application produce local vasoconstriction. They are used as nasal decongestants and have longer duration of action. Prolonged use can produce atrophic rhinitis and anosmia. 

The chronic effects show rapid emaciation and severe psychic disturbances, insomnia, hallucinations, apathy, melancholia, and suicidal mania. The pupils are inconstant. Acne is common. It is claimed that considerable tolerance is acquired, so that the daily hypodermic consumption may reach 2.5 g or even 10 g. Morphinists are relatively tolerant to cocaine. Sudden withdrawal leads to abstinence symptoms similar to morphine. With cocaine snuffing, where smaller amounts are used in intermittent debauches, the chronic effects such as the craving and the abstinence symptoms are proportionately less marked. Such patients develop atrophic rhinitis, with characteristic ulceration of the nasal fossae — also present in people who snuff heroin. 

Therapeutically, monothioglycerol has been used in a 0.02% w/w aqueous solution to stimulate wound healing, and as a 0.1% w/w jelly in atrophic rhinitis. 

Diekman MA, Scheldt AB, Sutton AL, et al. 1993. Growth and reproductive performance, during exposure to ammonia, of gilts afflicted with pneumonia and atrophic rhinitis. Am J Vet Res 54(12) 2128-2131. 

Macrolides are used in a variety of dosage forms, including medicated feed, a water-soluble powder for the addition to drinking water, tablets, and injections for the treatment of systemic and local infections in animals. Erythromycin and/or tylosin are indicated for the prophylaxis of hepatic abscesses and the treatment of diphtheria, metritis, bacterial pneumonia, pododermatitis, and bovine respiratory disease in cattle. These drugs are also used in pigs for the prophylaxis and treatment of atrophic rhinitis, infectious arthritis, enteritis, erysipelas, respiratory syndrome, and bacterial respiratory infections, and in farrowing sows for leptospirosis. Erythromycin is indicated for the prophylaxis of enterotoxemia in lambs, while erythromycin and tylosin are used in the treatment... 

The choice of an ointment base depends on the site of application. In the anterior part of the nose, where cilia are absent, and in rhinitis sicca or in atrophic rhinitis, a fatty ointment base is used. An example is Menthol-paraffin nasal ointment 0.6 % (Table 8.6). When the nasal mucosa does not function, as in atrophic rhinitis, possible ciliotoxicity of the... 

Jiang, HL Park, IK Kang, ML Yoo, HS Choi, YJ Akaike, T Cho, CS. Immune stimulating activity of an atrophic rhinitis vaccine associated to pegylated chitosan microspheres in vitro. Polymers for Advances Technologies, 18 (3), 2007, 220-225. 

In the differential diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, one should include the following rhinitides vasomotor rhinitis, nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES) (49), atrophic rhinitis (52), occupational rhinitis, medication-induced rhinitis (especially rhinitis medicamentosa due to the overuse of topical sympa-thomimetics), hormonal rhinitis (pregnancy and hypothyroidism), infectious rhi-... 

Joint Task Eorce on Practice Parameters. Practice parameters for allergy diagnostic testing. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1995 75(Dec, Part 11) A1-A5, 543-625. Goodman WS, deSouza FM. Atrophic rhinitis. In English GM, ed. Otolaryngology, Vol 2. Philadelphia JB Lippincott, 1987 1-11. 

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