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Assimilation effect

Generally, soluble materials are more effective as micronutrient sources than are insoluble ones. For this reason, many soil minerals that contain the micronutrient elements are ineffective sources for plants. Some principal micronutrient sources and uses are summarized below. In this discussion the term frits refers to a fused, pulverized siUceous material manufactured and marketed commercially for incorporation in fertilizers. Chelates refers to metaHoorganic complexes specially prepared and marketed as especially soluble, highly assimilable sources of micronutrient elements (see CHELATING agents). [Pg.242]

On ornamental plants CCC is appHed to a2aleas, geraniums, and hibiscus (Hibiscus sp] to make compact plants, and to poinsettias to reduce stem height and increase the red color of the bracts. A considerable amount of work has been carried out on cereals with CCC to reduce stem length and inhibit lodging. In Europe, the effect of CCC on shortening the culms of cereals is dependent upon the genotype. It has been demonstrated that the effect is as follows wheat > triticale > durum wheat > rye > oats > barley > corn = millet = rice (37). In barley, culms are initially inhibited but later the plant overcomes the inhibition (37). This has been attributed to poor assimilation, translocation, and rapid breakdown in wheat (38). [Pg.424]

The aforementioned reviews and assessments were assimilated to characterize the effect of dielectric, rotational, and mechanical hazards on motor performance and operational readiness. Functional indicators were identified that can be monitored to assess motor component deterioration caused by aging or other accidental stressors. The study also includes a preliminary discussion of current standards and guides, maintenance programs, and research activities pertaining to nuclear power plant safety-related electric motors. Included are motor manufacturer recommendations, responses from repair facilities to a questionnaire, in-service inspection data, expert knowledge, USNRC-IE audit reports, and standards and guides published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). [Pg.98]

The ANN was able to assimilate the cause-effect relationship of the density of the ester, its structure and temperature. The training and testing results are shown in Fig. 10-14 for individual ester series. The network with the proposed training routine converged in less than 100 iterations for all the esters. [Pg.17]

Urban, rural and industrial developments may have profound effects on the surrounding environment. Such effects can defeat the object of development, in that the negative environmental impact may outweigh the benefits. In the case of natural resources, inappropriate development may even destroy the resource base. If environmental matters are accorded adequate consideration during the planning and management of development programs and projects it is possible for pollutants to be assimilated. As a result, the whole development can be accommodated by the environment in such a way that adverse effects are minimized and the economic and social benefits of development are maximized. [Pg.38]

Fluxes are linear functions of reservoir contents. Reservoir size and the residence time of the carbon in the reservoir are the parameters used in the functions. Between the ocean and the atmosphere and within the ocean, fluxes rates are calculated theoretically using size of the reservoir, surface area of contact between reservoirs, concentration of CO2, partial pressures of CO2, temperature, and solubility as factors. The flux of carbon into the vegetation reservoir is a function of the size of the carbon pool and a fertilization effect of increased CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Flux from vegetation into the atmosphere is a function of respiration rates estimated by Whittaker and Likens (79) and the decomposition of short-lived organic matter which was assumed to be half of the gross assimilation or equal to the amount transferred to dead organic matter. Carbon in organic matter that decomposes slowly is transferred... [Pg.417]

The possible effects of increased atmospheric CO2 on photosynthesis are reviewed by Goud-riaan and Ajtay (1979) and Rosenberg (1981). Increasing CO2 in a controlled environment (i.e., greenhouse) increases the assimilation rate of some plants, however, the anthropogenic fertilization of the atmosphere with CO2 is probably unable to induce much of this effect since most plants in natural ecosystems are growth limited by other environmental factors, notably light, temperature, water, and nutrients. [Pg.293]

The subsequent fate of the assimilated carbon depends on which biomass constituent the atom enters. Leaves, twigs, and the like enter litterfall, and decompose and recycle the carbon to the atmosphere within a few years, whereas carbon in stemwood has a turnover time counted in decades. In a steady-state ecosystem the net primary production is balanced by the total heterotrophic respiration plus other outputs. Non-respiratory outputs to be considered are fires and transport of organic material to the oceans. Fires mobilize about 5 Pg C/yr (Baes et ai, 1976 Crutzen and Andreae, 1990), most of which is converted to CO2. Since bacterial het-erotrophs are unable to oxidize elemental carbon, the production rate of pyroligneous graphite, a product of incomplete combustion (like forest fires), is an interesting quantity to assess. The inability of the biota to degrade elemental carbon puts carbon into a reservoir that is effectively isolated from the atmosphere and oceans. Seiler and Crutzen (1980) estimate the production rate of graphite to be 1 Pg C/yr. [Pg.300]

Figure 10.4. Effect on apatite-collagen isotopic fractionation due to inhibition of amino acid production and preferred use of exogenous amino acids. Carnivore and herbivore, both based on C3 plants, have similar bulk isotopic composition of total edible tissues (T), leading to similar 5 C for apatite carbonate (AP). Collagen (CO) of carnivore is more enriched in Cthan that of herbivore, because of preferential utilization of amino acids derived from protein (P) of herbivore flesh in construction of carnivore s proteins. C ss = assimilated carbon. Figure 10.4. Effect on apatite-collagen isotopic fractionation due to inhibition of amino acid production and preferred use of exogenous amino acids. Carnivore and herbivore, both based on C3 plants, have similar bulk isotopic composition of total edible tissues (T), leading to similar 5 C for apatite carbonate (AP). Collagen (CO) of carnivore is more enriched in Cthan that of herbivore, because of preferential utilization of amino acids derived from protein (P) of herbivore flesh in construction of carnivore s proteins. C ss = assimilated carbon.
Photosynthesis and gas exchange of leaves are affected by many stresses including drought, flooding, salinity, chilling, high temperature, soil compaction and inadequate nutrition. Many, but not all, of these stresses have symptoms in common. For example, stomatal conductance and the rate of assimilation of CO2 per unit leaf area often decrease when stress occurs. Further, it is possible that several of the stresses may exert their effects, in part, by increasing the levels of the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) in the leaf epidermis. This hormone is known to close stomata when applied to leaves. [Pg.47]

In this chapter we review recent developments, concentrating mostly on the effects of water stress because of its great importance, but trying where possible to identify general problems. As noted above, accumulation of ABA in leaves is common under stress, and we review its effects on gas exchange. If the sole direct effect of ABA were to reduce stomatal aperture, then assimilation rate would also decrease because of a lower intercellular partial pressure of C02,pi. Some experiments have suggested that pi is little affected by ABA and that the capacity for CO2 fixation has actually decreased. The situation has become complicated with the observation (Terashima et al., 1988) that application of ABA can cause non-uniform... [Pg.47]

Environmental effects on discrimination and water-use efficiency Any environmental stress that affects leaf conductance and assimilation rate differently, so that the changes in one are not proportional to the changes in the other, will affect pjp and therefore A. If the changes do not affect the terms in the denominator of Equation 8 independently of pjpa, then W will also be affected. [Pg.57]

Long, S.P., East, T.M. Baker, N.R. (1983). Chilling damage to photosynthesis in young Zea mays. 1. Effects of light and temperature variation on photosynthetic CO2 assimilation. Journal of Experimental Botany, 34, 177-88. [Pg.67]

Agarwal, P.K. Sinha, S.K. (1984). Effect of water stress on grain growth and assimilate partitioning in two cultivars of wheat contrasting in their yield stability in a drought-environment. Annals of Botany, 53, 329-40. [Pg.211]

Roberts D. 1972. The assimilation and chronic effects of sub-lethal concentrations of endosulfan on condition and spawning in the common mussel Mylitus edulis. Marine Biology 16 119-125. [Pg.312]

D. J. Pilbeam, 1. Cakmak, H. Marschner, and E. A. Kirkby, Effect of withdrawal of phosphorus on nitrate assimilation and PEP carboxyla.se activity in tomato. Plant Soil I54 (1993). [Pg.83]

Gross differences have been ob.served in the amounts of fixed carbon released by annuals and perennials (47), with annuals releasing much less C than perennials. This effect may in part be due to perennials having to invest more of their assimilates to survive year round. Between more closely related plants, several studies have reported that both the quantity and quality of root exudates vary between plant species (39,48,49). In addition, it is also recognized that different cultivars of the same species may vary in their root exudation patterns. For example, Cieslinski et al. (50) quantified low-molecular-weight organic acids released... [Pg.101]

Figure 22. U-Th equiline diagram showing U-Th isotopes may be sensitive to the effects of assimilation of pre-existing (>350 kyr) arc basalts or continental crast. This is much more complicated using long-lived isotopic systems (e.g., Sr/ Sr or " Nd/ " " Nd) because in these systems pre-existing arc basalts will be indistinguishable from new magmas and crastal assimilation will be hard to distinguish from subducted sediment addition unless assimilation is coupled to differentiation. Figure 22. U-Th equiline diagram showing U-Th isotopes may be sensitive to the effects of assimilation of pre-existing (>350 kyr) arc basalts or continental crast. This is much more complicated using long-lived isotopic systems (e.g., Sr/ Sr or " Nd/ " " Nd) because in these systems pre-existing arc basalts will be indistinguishable from new magmas and crastal assimilation will be hard to distinguish from subducted sediment addition unless assimilation is coupled to differentiation.
Wilder, D. and Shapiro. P., Effects of anxiety on impressin formation in a group of context An anxiety-assimilation hypothesis. Journal of Experimental and Social Psychology 25, 481-499, 1988. [Pg.300]

Cheng, C., Lee, F. Benet-Martinez, V. (2006). Assimilation andcontrast effects in cultural frame switching bicultural identity integration and valence of cultural cues. /. Cross Cult. Psychol., 37(6), 742-60. [Pg.23]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.167 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.167 ]




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