Aspirator system

Coke oven charging Hydrocarbons, carbon, coal dust Aspiration systems to draw pollutants into oven, venturi scrubbers... 

The compression zone is located on the back side of the equipment and employs a maximum load force limited by the type of tooling being used. It is of paramount importance to note that, if a load force is applied over the indicated limit, the press unit will not function properly, resulting in premature wear or possible damage to the tooling. The compression set comprises the hopper and feeder system, the die table, the upper and lower compression rollers, the upper and lower turrets, the excess-material scraper, the tablet stripper, the recirculation channel, and the aspiration system. 

Presses are commonly equipped with a powder aspiration system which is connected to a vacuum source in order to remove excess powder from the die table. This assembly is essential for a high-speed press working for extended periods of time. Special attention must be taken when the powder product comprises an active ingredient of fine particle size. In this case, aspiration should be minimal in order to prevent loss of the active ingredient. 

Trials were conducted on an industrial scale (Fig. 5.5). After fining, the must was pressurized with air in the saturation column (6 bar) and sent (140 liL/h) into the flotation tank (80 hL). An aspiration system collected the flotation foam (60 hL) on the top of the flotation tank. Particles of the foam were removed with a rotary filter and a clear must (35 hL) was obtained. In the following example, two identical tanks, containing exactly the same must, were treated with B20 + Siio + gluten 20 or with B20 + Siio + FG20. (FG, fish glue soluble gelatin B, bentonite Si, silica gel ... 

Most on-line procedures involving microwaves that are conducted with a view to coupling a microwave treatment (usually digestion) with a detector (usually of the atomic type) for the determination of analytes use either a domestic oven [37-40] or a commercial focused system [41-43] plus appropriate connections. Usually, the coupling is done by inserting a Teflon coil in the oven in order to circulate the suspended solid sample to be subjected to the microwaves [44]. Some systems use domestic or commercial focused systems where the solid sample is directly placed in the sample vessel [45] and an aspiration system is used after the microwave treatment to transfer the extract to the determinative instrument used [37,46] or to an apparatus employed in some other step of the analytical process [40,43]. 

G. W. Stone, C. Rogers, J. Hermiller, R. Feldman, P. Hall, R. Haber, A. Masud, P. Cambier, R. P. Caputo, M. Turco, R. Kovach, B. Brodie, H. C. Herrmann, R. E. Kuntz, J. J. Popma, S. Ramec and D. A. Cox, Randomized comparison of distal protection with a filter-based catheter and a balloon occlusion and aspiration system during percutaneous intervention of diseased saphenous vein aorto-coronary bypass grafts, Circulation 108, 548-553 (2003). 

The peristaltic pump can be located before the injection port and in this situation the system is pumped alternatively, it can be located after the detection unit in which case the system is aspirated (see 2.5). For pumped systems, the internal pressure is positive, which minimises the liberation of dissolved gases but pump pulsation is observed in the flow. For aspirated systems, the pulsation is attenuated but the system can more easily liberate gas from solution. 

In the early years of flame photometry, only relatively cool flames were used. We shall see below that only a small fraction of atoms of most elements is excited by flames and that the fraction excited increases as the temperature is increased. Consequently, relatively few elements have been determined routinely by flame emission spectrometry, especMly j ew of those that emit line spectra (several can exist in flames as molecular species, particularly as oxides, which emit molecular band spectra). Only the easily excited alkali metals sodium, potassium, and lithium are routinely deterniined by flame emission spectrometry in the clinical laboratory. However, with flames such as oxyacetylene and nitrous oxide-acetylene, over 60 elements can now be determined by flame emission spectrometry. This is in spite of the fact that a small fraction of excited atoms is available for emission. Good sensitivity is achieved because, as with fluorescence (Chapter 16), we are, in principle, measuring the difference between zero and a small but finite signal, and so the sensitivity is limited by the response and stability of the detector and the stability (noise level) of the flame aspiration system. 

Also Aspiration system. An apparatus for producing suction or moving or collecting materials by suction. Dust collection systems. 

The aspiration systems used by batch analysers, normally moving articulated probes, withdraw the samples from the sampler vials and dispense them to the analyser cups or cuvettes. Time Is not such a decisive factor here, so that high-precision syringes are the commonest option for measuring and transferring the liquid samples. 

These requirements make the aspiration systems commonly employed in SFA unusable in FIA. In fact, such systems result in relatively inaccurate sampling, with variations in the injected sample volumes of the order of 3-4, which does not represent a serious problem In SFA, In which the indicator reaction does attain equilibrium and volume variations affect the peak width rather than the peak height, which Is the parameter of actual analytical interest. 

A representative example of a flexible, single-parameter analyser with final transfer is the Vitatron Akes, depicted In Fig. 8.5. In the aspiration position, the sample meets the reagent or diluent stream and the reaction mixture is subsequently transferred to the measuring cuvette, from which it is flushed by the aspiration system after detection, the cuvette being suitably washed. The instrument includes a linear sample train, sample turntable, sampling head, dilutor, reagent dispenser, data-input keyboard, photometric detection system, computer, printer, evacuation pump and wash solution doser. It is prepared for kinetic measurements. 

For taking volumes of approximately 10 1, different aspirator systems [7] are used. The principle of their design and function is shown in Fig. 5.22. 

Turbulent-flow total-consumption burners were the standard for flame emission spectroscopy for a number of years. In spite of certain deficiencies, they also can serve as sample cells for atomic fluorescence. The most common types of total-consumption burners include a built-in sample aspirator system. Figures 9-4 and 9-5 show their general constructional features. Winefordner and Staab (see footnote 2) used this type of burner for their early studies on analytical atomic fluorescence. 

The AMS 422 Figure 12) (54-56) is an automated Fmoc-based batch instrument for simultaneous construction of 48 different peptides at scales of 5-50 pmol. Solvents and reagents arc delivered by nitrogen pressure and removed by an aspiration system comptised of two stainless steel vessels separated by a solenoid valve and an all-Teflon membrane vacuum pump. The iastrument is based on an X-Y-Z robotics system for liquid handling and contains a multiple column reaction module. A valve manifold controls each... 

Inspection of the steam aspiration system prior to each charge so that sufficient pressure and volume is maintained to effectively move the gases from the oven to the collector mains ... 

Flow of product is higher than with aspiration system below... 

What Inspect Goosenecks and standpipes, Roof carbon build-up, Steam aspiration system, Steam nozzles and liquor sprays, Standpipe caps, and Charging holes and lids. 

What Inspect All controls (i.e., goosenecks, standpipes, standpipe caps, charging hold lids and casting, jumper pipes, and air seals) Damper system, Aspiration system, Collector main, Heating system, and Brickwork. 

Several solutions were proposed in literature to improve the stability of the process. One solution relies on the control of the humidity rate around the sample. " Diguet et al reported an alternative approach where the evaporation rate of the solution was driven by aspiration system pumping air around the meniscus at a... 

The four ways to produce air foam are nozzle aspirating systems, in-line foam pump systems, in-line aspirating systems, and in-line compressed air systems. The names indicate where and how the air is injected into the water-concentrate solution to produce air foam. 

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