Tutorial Articles

Numerous reviews as well as perspectives, feature articles, tutorials, and mini-reviews have appeared throughout 2005 that are of particular interest to the macroheterocyclic enthusiast and those delving into supramolecular chemistry at the macromolecular level, as well as those studying nanoconstructs the chemistry and chiral properties of molecular knots... 

A wide variety of such topics are covered in this book. Most of the chapters are from papers presented at a symposium held in August 1981. This symposium was preceded by a half-day tutorial session, with corresponding introductory review articles on synthesis of elastomers by G. Odian and rubber elasticity by J. E. Mark (published in the November 1981 issue of the Journal of Chemical Education). To aid the reader, a brief review of thermoplastic elastomers is included in this book. 

Finally, since imitation is the sincerest form of flattery (or so they tell us), we are pleased to see that others have also taken the route of printing longer tutorial discussions in the form of a series of related articles on a given topic. Two series that we have no qualms recommending, on topics related to ours, have appeared in some of the sister publications of Spectroscopy [7-15] (note there have been recent indications that the series in Spectroscopy International has continued beyond the ones we have listed. If we can obtain more information we will keep you posted - Spectroscopy International has also undergone some transformations and it is not always easy to get copies). 

Little Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry includes the main terms from the field of MS, tutorial-like explanations on important topics, illustrated by many photographs, pictures, and spectra. Supplies article links for further reading in the field of interest. 

Each report incorporates interactive tutorials that demonstrate how bioinformatics tools are used as a part of the research process. Currently, all Coffee Breaks are written by NCBI staff.17 Each report is about 400 words and is usually based on a discovery reported in one or more articles from recently published, peer-reviewed literature.18 This site has new articles every few weeks, so it can be considered an online magazine of sorts. It is intended for general background information. You can access the Coffee Break Web site at the following hyperlink http www.nc bi.nlm.nih.gov/Coffeebreaty. 

The figure that accompanies each article is frequently supplied by an expert external to NCBI, in which case the source of the figure is cited. The result is an interactive tutorial that tells a biological story. 

We have presented a relatively self-contained development of the fundamentals of atmospheric diffusion theory. The emphasis has been on elucidating the origin and applicability of the basic expressions commonly used in atmospheric diffusion calculations. This article is intended for the practicing scientist who desires a tutorial introduction to atmospheric diffusion theory or for the advanced undergraduate or graduate student who is entering atmospheric diffusion research. 

This present book is no more than an introduction to electroanalytical chemistry. It is not a textbook, but is intended for those wanting to learn at a distance, or in the absence of a suitable tutor. Accordingly, the approach taken is that of a series of tutorial questions and worked examples, interspersed with questions for students to attempt in their own time. In no way is this meant to be a definitive text students who have mastered these topics are recommended to consult the books and articles listed in the Bibliography at the end. 

Alper, Joe. Self-Assembly Getting Molecules to Put Themselves Together to Make Nanoscale Devices. Available online. URL http // nano.cancer.gOv/news center/monthly feature 2005 jul.asp. Accessed May 28, 2009. This feature article, published in a newsletter for the National Cancer Institute, offers an accessible tutorial on self-assembly and supramolecular chemistry. 

This is a tutorial article written to stimulate the interest of various chemists and chemical engineers in this exciting new field. First, the basic concepts are reviewed. Then a survey of the current status of third-order nonlinear materials is presented. This is followed by a discussion of relevant issues and the valuable contributions chemists can make to this field. 

The literature on inorganic open-framework materials abounds in the synthesis and characterization of metal silicates, phosphates and carboxylates. Most of these materials have an organic amine as the template. In the last few years, it has been shown that anions such as sulfate, selenite and selenate can also be employed to obtain organically templated open-framework materials. This tutorial review provides an up-to-date survey of organically templated metal sulfates, selenites and selenates, prepared under hydrothermal conditions. The discussion includes one-, two-, and three-dimensional structures of these materials, many of which possess open architectures, The article should be useful to practitioners of inorganic and materials chemistry, besides students and teachers. The article serves to demonstrate how most oxy-anions can be used to build complex structures with metal-oxygen polyhedra. 

Virtually all prior reviews and textbooks on XAFS spectroscopy begin with a derivation of the XAFS equation, coupled with a theoretical background. Given the depth and excellence of some of these reviews, we do not repeat this work here. The reader is referred to these articles (Iwasawa, 1996 Koningsberger and Prins, 1988 Teo, 1986 Teo and Joy, 1981) and to online tutorials (http //xafs.org/) only a brief synopsis of the X-ray absorption process is given here, together with the pertinent parameters that are measured in an XAFS experiment. 

Journal of Mass Spectrometry (John Wiley Sons), formerly Organic Mass Spectrometry incorporating Biological Mass Spectrometry before 1995. Each issue of this journal contains a Special Feature including Perspective and Tutorial articles that present authoritative materials on a featured topic in a succinct format. 

There are many excellent introductory books and journal articles on the subject of neural networks. Just a few of them are listed below in the references. Additionally, there are tutorials online at various web sites. However, the applications of neural network techniques to problems in molecular biology and genome informatics are largely to be found in scientific journals and symposium proceedings. 

For a discussion of statistical methods and neural networks, see the book by Ripley (1996) and articles by Ripley (1993), Cheng (Cheng Titterington, 1994) and Sarle (1994). Warren Sarle maintains an excellent neural network FAQ (frequently asked questions) web page for the Usenet newsgroup comp.ai. neural-nets this web page contains many tutorial discussions and references to books, reviews, journal articles and other neural network resources. 

A microfiuidic well plate that makes use of method 4 is described in Section 2.3 and method 6 is explained in Section 3.1 of this article. Method 5, i.e. the acoustic ejection of a droplet from a meniscus, is described in Ref. 10. The interested reader finds a comprehensive tutorial on the physico-chemistry of fluids in microstruc-tured systems and the basic principles of microfiuidic operations and technologies in Ref. 11. 

In keeping with the philosophy of this series, only selective references to the literature have been made and wherever possible these have been review and tutorial style articles. 

In the first tutorial students are introduced to the importance of keeping a proper research style laboratory notebook as proof of scientific discovery [14]. This is stressed by using examples from the literature that detail instances where published articles have been retracted due to poor or nonexistent laboratory notebooks [15,16], and with a sample of an advertisement for an industrial research position that specifies maintaining a laboratory notebook as part of the job description [17]. 

One tutorial is dedicated to reference material how to search for information, how to properly reference the literature, identifying, and avoiding plagiarism. Students were given a journal article with citations removed, and were asked to identify places where they felt a reference was required. 

This chapter gives an overview of different types of redox active ligands and the above mentioned four different application strategies. The number of publications on this concept is growing rapidly, especially over the past few years. Some excellent reviews and essays on this subject have appeared recently a Forum issue of Inorganic Chemistry [4], a Special issue of the European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry [5], a tutorial review article in ACS Catalysis [6] and some other reviews [7] have been used in this chapter as a basis for much of the older work on this subject. This chapter also includes relevant new examples in the field of reactive redox active ligands. 

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