Arms industry

Farrell, Lawrence R, Jr. Assault on the Small Arms Industrial Base. National Defeme, vol. 86, February 2002, p. 4. Suggests that gun control efforts or lawsuits that directly or indirectly target small arms manufacturers threaten the supply of weapons to the military. A case in point has been recent efforts to ban the. 50 caliber sniper rifle, even though this type of weapon has not been linked to criminal activity. 

For the development of new chemical weapons (CWs), a number of criteria are necessary a research base including scientists and equipment, access to information, chemical and arms industries, and of course financial support. It is noteworthy that the development of CWs is possible not only for states but also for terrorists. It is necessary to stress that the intention of this chapter is not to describe new CWs or chemical warfare agents (CWAs) but to comment on a number of trends in toxicology with the aim that these chemicals may be proposed for inclusion in the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) verification mechanisms. However, the text of the CWC is comprehensive and covers practically all chemicals that may be misused as CWs. 

To date, there have been no comprehensive studies of these technical facilities or their influence upon the development of weapons. It seems, however, that their task was not so much scientific research and development, as weapon-specific testing and approval of equipment manufactured by the private- and state-owned arms industry. On the other hand, the private arms suppliers, such as Fried. Krupp, had not only scientific laboratories, but also ranges for testing weapons and munitions. Despite the importance of military technology, the scientific facilities of the army enjoyed no special encouragement. The army depended on the scientific and productive capabilities of private industry. ... 

The immediate impetus for Schmidt s suggestion might have been the government s reluctance to award military medals and distinctions for service in the arms industry. Indeed, it was not until 1917 that Schmidt was honoured for his military contributions, by the granting of the title of professor and a few medals. It seems that even in later years, Schmidt never realized that his suggestion had led to the establishment of the KWKW. Of course, this is not surprising, as his original proposal for monetary awards was overtaken within a year. ... 

Mu/tihearth Furnace. Multihearth furnaces are most often used for incineration of municipal and industrial sludges, and for generation and reactivation of char. The main components of the multihearth are a refractory-lined shell, a central rotating shaft, a series of soHd flat hearths, a series of rabble arms having teeth for each hearth, an afterburner (possibly above the top hearth), an exhaust blower, fuel burners, an ash removal system, and a feed system. 

Coverahs or other full-body clothing should be worn when working with lead ahoys and properly laundered after use. Hard hats, safety glasses, safety boots, and other safety equipment should be worn as appropriate for the industrial environment where the lead ahoys are used. Hands, face, neck, and arms should be washed before eating or smoking. 

The effect of World War 11 was very drastically felt in the sugar industry. Raw materials, machine parts, and maintenance items needed to maintain sugar processing were diverted to the war industry. Many sugar industry experts were conscripted into the armed forces. In the European theater of war, factories and agriculture were destroyed. At the end of World War 11 sugar production barely totalled 19,162,000 t/yr. 

In 1874, Tiemann and Ha arm ann examined the stmcture of vanillin and reported it to be 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. This was not a difficult task because, on treatment with potassium hydroxide, vanillin (1) gave protocatechaic acid [99-50-3] (2), which, in turn, was decarboxylated to catechol [120-80-9] (3) by dry distillation (eq. 1). As both compounds were known at that time, the position of the substituent groups in vanillin was estabHshed. Finally, Reimer synthesized vanillin from guaiacol [90-05-1] and thus proved the identity of its stmcture. In 1894 RhcJ)ne-Poulenc began producing vanillin on an industrial scale. Since then, many other producers have entered into vanillin production, often only to leave it behind. 

Industrial environments expose individuals to a plethora of airborne chemical compounds in the form of vapors, aerosols, or biphasic mixtures of both. These atmospheric contaminants primarily interface with two body surfaces the respiratory tract and the skin. Between these two routes of systemic exposure to airborne chemicals (inhalation and transdermal absorption) the respiratory tract has the larger surface area and a much greater percentage of this surface exposed to the ambient environment. Or dinary work clothing generally restricts skin exposures to the arms, neck, and head, and special protective clothing ensembles further limit or totally eliminate skin exposures, but breathing exposes much of the airway to contaminants. 

There are many industrial applications in which permanent records (extending over long periods of time) of the instrument readings are required. Chart recorders of various forms are available for this purpose. The most common general-purpose unit is the digital strip chart recorder, in which the input signal is used to drive the movement of a recording arm that passes over a paper chart in the y-direction. At the same time, the chart is... 

At the time of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, no other plant existed in the U.S. capable of making anything larger than small arms ammunition. There was no knowledge elsewhere there were no detailed plans for whole industries elsewhere. Without the industrial know-how developed at Picatinny, the rapid conversion of commercial concerns to mass ammunition manufacture would have been impossible... 

Picatinny Arsenal s contributions to the recent military effort in Southeast Asia were substantial. The timely and quantitative production of bombs and other standard items of ammunition was accomplished until industry could regear to resume that role. The Arsenal also responded to the need for the development of new and improved munitions during this period, in chiding more effective fuzes and safing and arming devices... 

The most complex automated systems are used almost exclusively by centralized HTS operations in large pharmaceutical companies and are referred to as ultra HTS (uHTS) platforms. They typically consist of the same four functional instruments, but have the capacity to process several hundred plates per extended workday. They often incorporate a modular design philosophy with multiple duplicate instruments for enhanced capacity that offer some functional redundancy. The mechanism for moving plates from one instrument module to another is often, but not always, a continuous track-way that resembles an industrial assembly line rather than the robotic arm typically used in a workcell system [5-8],... 

These criteria were developed by the UK PU foam industry and were intended to differentiate the melamine or exfoliated graphite containing combustion modified PU foams from the standard, high resilience and flame retarded (chloro and bromo phosphate) containing PU foams (Table IV). This distinction was required because large scale burning tests of real arm chairs and furnished rooms had demonstrated the superiority of the combustion modified polyurethane foams. 

Two years before the Anschluss the defendants were using the threat of Nazi arms to conquer the Austrian chemical industries. The foundation of Donau-Chemie in Austria had paved the way for further penetration into southeastern Europe. 

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