Appropriations act

Along with direction provided by the Homeland Security Presidential Directives listed in sidebar 4.1, statutory authority to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to regulate chemical facilities for security is provided by the Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2007 (P.L. 109-295), Section 550. This law directed the Secretary of... 

Administration, which was shortened to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in an agricultural appropriations act three years later. 

In the conference report to accompany H.R. 2861, the Department of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 2004. 

The serious problem of soil erosion and loss was not totally unexpected. In 1928, a United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) bulletin by Hugh Hammond Bennett and W.R. Chapline warned the nation of the danger of soil erosion (Brink, 1951). Also in 1928, the United States Congress appropriated the first funds for soil erosion research through the Buchanan Amendment to the USDA Appropriation Act (Looper, 1970). 

The Armed Forces Appropriation Act (P.L. 91-441) required detoxification of weapons, prior to disposal and the Department of Health and Human Services review of any disposal plans. It also limited the movement of chemical weapons. 

Public Law 105-119, the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, the Judiciary and Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 1998 directed the federal government to provide grants to state and local governments to procure detection. 

House Report 105-825, the Conference Report Accompanying Department of Justice (DOJ) Fiscal Year 1999 Appropriations Act, provided more than 100 million to the Office of Justice Programs. This money is to be used to buy equipment, conduct training, provide technical assistance, and fund research and development. This appropriation provides for the equipment and training required by first responders, fire and emergency services and law enforcement, for a WMD incident. 

NEPA requirements apply equally to all the EDTs. Under NEPA, the federal government must evaluate the environmental consequences of proposed actions and alternatives at federal facilities, considering public input. The NEPA process for ACWA was initiated shortly after passage of the National Defense Appropriations Act of 1997 (Public Uaw 104-208), which established the ACWA program. In 2002, the ACWA program published a final environmental impact statement (EIS). Pursuant to the EIS, a Record of Decision was issued in July of that year that called for neutral-... 

Prior to 1991, the U.S. effort to dispose of CWM was limited to stockpile materiel. The 1991 Defense Appropriations Act directed the Secretary of Defense to establish the Product Manager for Non-Stockpile Chemical Materiel (PMNSCM) with responsibility for the destruction of nonstockpile CWM. 

In the 1993 Defense Appropriations Act, Congress directed the Army to report the locations, types, and quantities of non-stockpile chemical materiel to report the methods to be used for its destruction to provide cost and time estimates and to assess transportation options. A survey and analysis report provided an overview of the task facing the Army (U.S. Army, 1993, updated in draft form in 1996). 

The Department of Defense Appropriation Act of 2002 required the DOD to establish a program and protocol for the prioritization of sites containing munitions and explosives of concern (MEC), releases of hazardous substances, and CWM. Each of these aspects has a distinct scoring module within the Munitions Response Site Prioritization Protocol (MRSPP). These are titled the Explosives Hazard Evaluation (EHE), the Human Health Evaluation (HHE), and the Chemical Hazard Evaluation (CHE), respectively. The MRSPP was finalized through federal rulemaking on October 5,2005, under 32 CFR Part 179. Additional information on the prioritization protocol can be found onUne at http //www.denix.osd.mil. 

In those jrrrisdictions where the relevant OHS legislation sets ont arrangements for the appointment of representatives, their role in relation to risk assessment is clearfy set out in the appropriate act or regrrlatiorts. 

The main purpose of control methods is to eliminate or reduce risk in the woikplace. It is essential that a thorough examination of the woikplace be carried out to reveal the types of hazards and their extent. With this information, a comparison can be made with the requirements of appropriate acts, regulations, codes and standards. This evaluation and assessment stage is essential because it will determine the types of control methods used. 

Prior to 1991, efforts to dispose of CWM were limited to stoclq)ile materiel. A part of the 1991 Defense Appropriations Act (House Appropriations Report 101-822) directed the Secretary of Defense to establish an office with the responsibility of destroying nonstockpile materiel. The program manager for NSCMP was assigned this task under the newly established U.S. Army Chemical Materiel Destruction Agency (NRC, 1999a). 

In the 1993 Defense Appropriations Act (P.L. 102-484, Section 176), Congress directed the Army to (1) report the locations, types, and quantities of nonstockpile chemical materiel (2) specify the methods to be used for its destruction (3) provide cost and time estimates and (4) assess transportation options, hi a Survey and Analysis Report, the Army provided an overview of its task (U.S. Army, 1996). According to this report, nonstockpile CWM is located at more than 200 sites in the United States and U.S. territories. CWM at most sites includes small quantities of chemical agent but does not appear to pose immediate hazards to the public or the environment. However, chemical weapons agreements and continuing discoveries of contaminated sites have increased the impetus for locating and disposing of all nonstockpile CWM. 

On October 4,2006, President Bush signed the Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act of 2007, which provides the DHS with the authority to regulate the security of chemical facilities. The Chemical Facility Anti-Terrorism Standards (CFATS 6 CFR 27) Interim Final Rule (IFR) was published on April 9, 2007. The purpose of 6 CFR 27 is to lower the risk posed by certain chemical facilities. CFATS requires chemical facilities to provide the DHS with information to determine whether they are a covered facility and are required to meet certain security performance requirements. In order to identify high-risk chemical facilities, the DHS has identified chemicals for preliminary screening based on the belief that such chemicals, if released, stolen, diverted, and/or contaminated, have the potential to create significant human health and/or life consequences. 

The Appropriation Act for fiscal year 1941 carried an item of 918,988 for The Quartermaster General "for work authorized by the Act of June 4,... 

The preparation of plans for securing manufacturing plants in industry, which G-4 listed as one of the chief objectives of the CWS under the Munitions Program, was accomplished in 1940 and 1941. Under the Second Supplemental to the 1941 Appropriations Act, approved on 9 September 1940, funds were allotted to the CWS to erect plants for private industry in order to expedite production. The procedure was for the government to build the plants which would be operated under contract with private industry. Both the Ordnance Department and the Chemical Warfare Service followed the practice extensively. The CWS built charcoal and whetlerite plants and plants for the manufacture of impregnite (CC-2) under this program. ... 

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