Approaches to Risk Management

Versteeg, M. F. 1987 External Safety Policy in the Netherlands an approach to risk management. In Proceedings of the Technical Committee Meeting, Status, Experience, and Future Prospects for the Development of Probabilistic Safety Criteria, Vienna, 27-31 January. 

For all risk factors and their combinations we will use both — routine and specially designed approaches to risk management with due account of new combinations of these factors. The proposed approach will allow to develop strategy of preventive intervention into risk management of the cohorts who working or resident in ecologically adverse conditions to use of... 

Versteeg, M. F. "External Safety Policy in the Netherlands An Approach to Risk Management." fournal of Hazardous Materials. 17, 215-222. 

While the implementation of risk management systems may vary from company to company, they are a fundamental activity in the chemical, petrochemical, and hydrocarbon processing industries. A company s approach to risk management reflects its beliefs and values. 

The current approach to risk management (control of exposures) for hazardous chemicals differs from the approach for radionuclides under AEA. In particular, the two approaches to risk management attach different meanings to the terms acceptable and unacceptable commonly used to describe the significance of health risks. 

The approach to risk management for radionuclides, when they are regulated under AEA, incorporates a limit on acceptable dose (and therefore risk) and a requirement that doses be reduced below the limit as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA), economic and social factors being taken into account this approach conforms to NCRP s recommendations on radiation protection. In this approach, risks to individuals are divided into three categories of significance, which are commonly termed unacceptable, acceptable, and negligible. ... 

Table 1.3—Differences in interpretations of "acceptable and unacceptable risks in approaches to risk management for radionuclides and hazardous chemicals,a...

Approach to risk management for hazardous chemicals does not explicitly include concept of an intolerable risk that normally must be reduced regardless of cost or other circumstances. 

Negligible risks or doses used to classify exempt waste could be established based on a variety of considerations, consistent with the different approaches to risk management for radionuclides and hazardous chemicals described in Section 1.5.3. For noncarcinogenic hazardous chemicals, NCRP recommends that a negligible dose should be set at a small fraction (e.g., 10 percent) of a nominal threshold for deterministic responses in humans the recommended approach to estimating this threshold is described in Section I.5.5.3. For radionuclides, NCRP has recommended that an annual effective... 

Similar considerations apply to the discussions of approaches to risk management in Section 3.3. Readers who are knowledgeable about principles of radiation protection may not be familiar with the different approach to health protection used for hazardous chemicals, and vice versa, and an understanding and resolution of the different approaches to risk management is important in developing a comprehensive and risk-based waste classification system. 

Approaches to Risk Management for Radionuclides and Hazardous Chemicals That Cause Stochastic Effects... 

This Section discusses approaches to risk management that are used in protecting the public from exposure to radionuclides and chemicals that cause stochastic responses in the environment. Different approaches to management of stochastic risks are used for radionuclides and chemicals. An understanding of the two approaches, including their differences and ways in which these differences can be reconciled, is important in developing a comprehensive and risk-based hazardous waste classification system. 

Classification of hazardous waste based on risk requires assumptions about allowable risks from exposure to hazardous substances. Therefore, an understanding of current approaches to risk management for radionuclides and hazardous chemicals, especially their differences and how they can be reconciled, is important in classifying waste. 

Recent approaches to risk management seek to limit the divide between realists and constructionists [12, 14]. First, the scientific basis of cause and effect is acknowledged, regardless of the extent that science is able to examine it. Second, scientific research and discovery are seen to influence perceptions. Recent risk research therefore proposes that risk analysis and risk management recognise that the realist and constructionist approaches are interlinked [12]. 

In a book on EU chemical risk management, Calow identified four approaches to risk management suspicion, hazard, technical, and risk-benefit [256]. These are categorised according to the amount of scientific evidence and the amount of caution involved in decisionmaking (Figure 2.8) ... 

Figure 2.8 Approaches to risk management based on evidence and caution [256]...

National approaches to risk management are strongly established within France, Germany, Sweden, and the UK. The national approaches have evolved over many years involving complex socioeconomic and cultural phenomena. In turn, the regulatory culture is reflected in the country s administrative infrastructures. Fiistorical and social contexts, such as the legal systems and industrial relations, provide some explanation as to how and why differences occur in national approaches to chemicals policy and risk management. 

SME. In this area, France and the UK may have a lot to learn from Sweden s use of policy objectives with respect to promoting a culture of chemical safety in industry and through supply chains. For France, adopting a more hazard-based approach to risk management could limit the occurrence of victim associations . 

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