Applications in food and beverage industry

Osborne BG, Feam T, Hindle PH. In practical NIR Spectroscopy with Applications in Food and Beverage Industry Analysis. 2nd ed. Harlow, UK Longman, 227. 

This type transfers heat from the process liquid to the cooling water across a large number of thinly spaced corrugated plates. They find particular application in food and beverage industry applications or for smaller heat loads in hotels or hospitals. Plate and frame types are widely used because of their compact design and availability of various construction materials. Because localized corrosion and metal wastage can occur within the crevices (crevice... 

Capillary electrophoresis is still in a state of evolution and a technique of choice for certain applications (chiral analysis small ion analysis in food and beverage industries bioanalysis). The number of reviews [365,858,884,889-896], books and manuals [365,897-903] published on (HP)CE/CEC/CZE in the last decade is overwhelming, in particular in relation to the importance of the technique (see also Bibliography). CE-LIFS has been reviewed [904]. 

IC is increasingly being adopted by many test and research laboratories in food and beverage industry.A survey of the application of IC in food and beverage industry is given in Table 1. ... 

The obtainment of fine powders of PCL, poly(co-laurolactam), and their copolymers has attracted relevant attention in recent years for possible commercial utilizations in several fields. Cosmetic formulations, coating and graphic art applications, protein or enzyme immobilization techniques, rotational molding and sintering processes, and filtration devices in food and beverage industry are the major industrial fields where powdered polyamides are currently applied. Their use as stationary phase in chromatography has also been envisaged and introduced for some specific systems. 

Plate heat exchangers are used extensively in the food and beverage industries, as they can be readily taken apart for cleaning and inspection. Their use in the chemical industry will depend on the relative cost for the particular application compared with a conventional shell and tube exchanger see Parker (1964) and Trom (1990). 

Small amounts of impurities have a significant effect on the refractive index. In fact, the refractive index for many binary mixtures changes linearly with concentration over a wide range of concentrations. A calibration curve of refractive index vs. concentration along with the refractive index of a sample can be used to find the concentration of a species in the sample. For example, the food and beverage industry uses the refractive index to find the concentration of sugar solutions. Table 15.1 lists several additional applications for refractive index. 

Ion chromatography (IC) is used increasingly in the food industry and a useful reference book was written by Weiss (1995). Henshall (1997) reviewed applications for food and beverage analysis. Recent reviews have been published for anions and cations (Buldini et al., 1997 Danielson et al., 2000) and carbohydrates (Cataldi et al., 2000). 

Ethanol itself finds use as chemical in various applications, particularly as solvent (toiletries and cosmetics, paints, lacquer thinners, printing inks, dyes, detergents, disinfectants and pharmaceuticals), besides its uses in the food and beverage industry, and as a disinfectant. 

Citric acid and its citrate compounds are widely used in hundreds of applications. Global production of citric acid in 2005 was 1.6 million tons, with China producing approximately 40% of the world supply. In the United States, approximately 65% of citric acid use is in the food and beverage industry. Citric acid is used as an acidulant to impart tartness, to control pH, as a preservative and antioxidant, as a metal chelator, and to stabilize color and taste. Citrate salts can be used as mineral and metal dietary supplement for example, calcium citrate... 

UHMWPE possesses a unique combination of mechanical and technological properties and enjoys a variety of special applications based on low friction (solid lubricant), wear resistance (protection of metal surfaces), excellent chemical stability, as well as radiation and neutron resistance. UHMWPE is used in chemical processing, food and beverage industries, foundries, the lumber industry the electrical industry, as medical implants and in mining and mineral processing sewage treatment, and transportation. 

M. Cheryan and F.R. Alvarez, Food and Beverage Industry Applications, in Membrane Separation Technology Principles and Applications, R.D. Noble and S.A. Stem (eds), Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, pp. 415-460 (1995). 

Concerns about groundwater contamination and municipal water supply quality have driven much of the growth of various water treatment schemes involving nanofiltration as a stand-alone process or in combination with RO and/or UF in a broad range of water treatment systems delivering precise purity levels and attractive process economics. Other established applications include corn syrup concentration, recycling of water-soluble polymers, effluent treatment for the food and beverage industry, metal... 

Major biotechnological uses of the biomass carbohydrate moiety have attracted worldwide attention. Controlled cellulose degradation by cellulases may produce materials for important multifarious applications carbohydrates that can be used in the food and beverage industries, cellulose microfibril fragments for non-caloric food additives, hyperabsorbent cellulose fibers from fragmented cellulose microfibrils which can be used in biomedical, commercial and house-hold absorbent materials. Biomass-derived glucose syrups can also be used as carbon source in industrial fermentations for the production of antibiotics, industrial enzymes, amino-acids, and bulk chemicals. 

Figure 10-22 Methods of Immobilizing Enzymes. Source From H.H. Weetall, Immobilized Enzymes and Their Application in the Food and Beverage Industry, Process Biochem., Vol. 10, pp. 3-6, 1975.

Weetall, H.H. 1975. Immobilized enzymes and their application in the food and beverage industry. Process Biochem. 10 3-6. 

M. Cheryan J. R. Alvarez, Food and Beverage Industry Applications. In Membrane Separations Technology Principles and Applications R. D. Noble, S. A. Stern, Eds. Elsevier Science Amsterdam, 1995 pp 415-465. 

PuL is a linear bacterial homopolysaccharide originating from Aureoba-sidium pullulans. Its backbone is formed by glycosidic linkages of a-(l—>6) D-glucopyranose and a-( 1 —4) D-glucopyranose units in a 1 2 ratio. It has a number of applications in the food and beverage industry, in pharmaceuticals, and in manufacturing and electronics [49],... 

The applications of citrus oils are versatile and in many domains. As a result of their freshness, lightness, and fine fruity aroma, citrus peel oils and essences are widely used in the food and beverage industries as well as in some nonfood applications (1). 

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