Apparatus for

The paper discusses the application of dynamic indentation method and apparatus for the evaluation of viscoelastic properties of polymeric materials. The three-element model of viscoelastic material has been used to calculate the rigidity and the viscosity. Using a measurements of the indentation as a function of a current velocity change on impact with the material under test, the contact force and the displacement diagrams as a function of time are plotted. Experimental results of the testing of polyvinyl chloride cable coating by dynamic indentation method and data of the static tensile test are presented. 

W R McLean. Apparatus for Magnetically Measuring Thickness of Ferrous Pipes US Patent. 6 Nov 51... 

In this work, a microwave interferometric method and apparatus for vibration measurements is described. The principle of operation is based on measurement of the phase of reflected electromagnetic wave changing due to vibration. The most important features of the method are as follows simultaneous measurement of tlie magnitude and frequency of the rotating object high measurement accuracy weak influence of the roll diameter, shape and distance to the object under test. Besides, tlie reflecting surface can be either metallic or non-metallic. Some technical characteristics are given. 

Fig. 11-13. Apparatus for measuring the time dependence of interfacial tension (from Ref. 34). The air and aspirator connections allow for establishing the desired level of ftesh surface. IV denotes the Wilhelmy slide, suspended from a Cahn electrobalance with a recorder output.

Fig. V-17. Schematic diagram for the apparatus for measurement of Vobs (see text). The vibrating reference electrode is positioned close to the surface of a AgN03 solution in which there is an Ag electrode, which, in turn, is in electrical contact with the reference electrode. (From Ref. 196.)...

Fig. XVn-6. Schematic of gravimetric apparatus for adsorption measurements. (From Ref. 30. Reprinted with permission from American Chemical Society, copyright 1995.)...

Flierl P M ef a/1996 Flowing afterglow apparatus for the study of ion-molecule reactions at high temperatures Rev. Scl. Instrum. 67 2142-8... 

Figure Bl.2.12. Schematic diagram of apparatus for confocal Raman microscopy. From [3], used with penuission.

Gross L P, Trump D D, MacDonald B G and Switzer G L 1983 10-Hz coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy apparatus for turbulent combustion studies Rev. Sc/. Instrum. 54 563-71... 

Frantz P ef a/1997 Design of surfaoe foroes apparatus for triboiogy studies oombined with noniinear optioai speotrosoopy Rev. Sc/. Instrum. 68 2499-2504... 

Figure B2.3.9. Schematic diagram of an apparatus for laser fluorescence detection of reaction products. The dye laser is syncln-onized to fire a short delay after the excimer laser pulse, which is used to generate one of the reagents photolytically.

Figure C3.1.3. Schematic diagram of Jouie heating T -jump apparatus for transient spectroscopy. (Adapted from French T C and Hammes G G i969 hdethods Enzymol. 16 3.)...

Sensitivity levels more typical of kinetic studies are of the order of lO molecules cm . A schematic diagram of an apparatus for kinetic LIF measurements is shown in figure C3.I.8. A limitation of this approach is that only relative concentrations are easily measured, in contrast to absorjDtion measurements, which yield absolute concentrations. Another important limitation is that not all molecules have measurable fluorescence, as radiationless transitions can be the dominant decay route for electronic excitation in polyatomic molecules. However, the latter situation can also be an advantage in complex molecules, such as proteins, where a lack of background fluorescence allow s the selective introduction of fluorescent chromophores as probes for kinetic studies. (Tryptophan is the only strongly fluorescent amino acid naturally present in proteins, for instance.)... 

Figure C3.1.11. Apparatus for pump-probe time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy. (From Varotsis C and Babcock G T 1993 K4ethods Enzymol. 226 409-31.)...

The usual apparatus for heating the substance is shown in Fig. i(b), and consists of a long-necked ... 

A hot-water funnel is a slower and less efficient apparatus for filtering hot solutions. A satisfactory form of the apparatus is shown in Fig. 6, in which the double-walled funnel is heated... 

For general work, a very satisfactory apparatus for collecting fractions under reduced pressure is the Perkin triangle C, which is shown in Fig. 14, together with the requisite fittings for the complete... 

A convenient alternative apparatus for continuous ether extraction is shown in Fig. 17 (b). 

A very suitable apparatus for semi-micro steam-distillation, particularly for suspensions that are likely to bump badly, is showm in Fig. 44. This consists of a 50 ml. Kjeldahl flask, clamped at an angle of 45°, and fitted with a long glass tube for the inlet of steam. The Outlet-tube is bent twice, first at 135° and then at 45° as shown, and fitted into a small water-condenser. 

The apparatus for collecting the silver halide is described later. 

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