Crystallization, apparatus for

Copper (I) iodide, 6 3 Crystallization, apparatus for, of tetrachloro (diethylene)di-platinum(II), 5 213 fractional, of magnesium rare earth nitrates, 2 52, 53 of rate earth bromates, 2 62... 

Crystallization apparatus for continuous operation 4.1 Concept of crystallization apparatus... 

Research. A significant impact on research at high pressure has come about with the use of gem quaHty diamonds as Bridgman-type anvils in a smaU compact high pressure device (40—42). With this type of apparatus, pressures greater than those at the center of the earth (360 GPa = 3.6 Mbars) have been reached, and phase transformations of many materials have been studied. Because of the x-ray transparency of diamond, it is possible to determine the stmcture of the phases under pressure. Because of the strenuous environment, crystals selected for this appHcation have to be of very high quaHty. 

A simple laboratory apparatus for the measurement of crystal bed permeability is shown in Figure 4.14, the standard procedure for which is described in detail in Purchas (1981). 

Figure 9.19 Experimental apparatus for feedback control of KCl crystallization after Redman and Rohani, 1992)...

An extension of the filter-driers are the reactor-filter-driers, as illustrated in Fig. 7.2-9 by an apparatus known under trademark name Nutrex" and developed by Rosenmund. Equipment of this kind is still more versatile and operation safer. In one vertical position the device can act as a filter, a granulator, and an apparatus for all operations with filter cakes (i.e. re-slurrying, smoothing, and squeezing). In the reverse position, it can operate as a reactor, extractor, evaporator, crystallizer, drier, etc. There are many other companies offering reactor-filter-driers, e.g. SEN, Giovanola, Schenk, and Cogeim. 

Fig. 1. An ultrahigh vacuum apparatus for studying single crystal catalysts before and after reaction at elevated pressures.

The crystals of NCPs containing a-satellite DNA palindrome and chicken erythrocyte histones diffracted isotropically to 3.0 A using an in-house rotating anode X-ray source and to better than 2.5 A at a moderate intensity synchrotron beamline [30,31]. The crystals used for structure determination were grown in the microgravity environment using a counter-diffusion apparatus [32]. Ground-based... 

Figure 3.6. Schematic representation of an apparatus for production of sublimation crystals in a horizontal arrangement. The total length is typically 400 mm. Adapted from Laudise et al, 1998.

The phase transitions of cholesteryl nonanoate have been studied with a new apparatus for thermal analytical microscopy. The enantiomer ratio of some chiral sulphoxides can be changed from racemic to a modest preference for one enantiomeric form by dissolution in a cholesteryl ester in its liquid-crystalline ( cholesteric ) state. 5,6-Epoxycholestan-3-yl p-nitrobenzoates exhibit liquid-crystal properties, but 5,6-diols and dibromides are inactive. ... 

Fig. 8. Apparatus for the preparation of single crystals by the Van Arkel procedure i. quartz ampoule 2. tube with iodine 3. feed material 4. RF heated W sphere or plate 5. resistance furnace 6. RF coil...

Fig. 3.45 Horizontal Bridgman apparatus for growing GaAs single crystals. ...

An apparatus for the filtration of small to moderate quantities of crystals incorporates the so-called Willstatter filtration nail. The latter consists of a thin glass rod flattened at one end. It is readily constructed by heating the end of a short glass rod in the blowpipe flame and pressing vertically upon an asbestos board. The nail is fitted into small glass funnel it is covered by a circle of a filter paper cut with the aid of a cork borer of appropriate size. A filtration nail r r and funnel, capable of handling up to 1 g. of solid is depicted... 

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