Experimental Apparatus for Non-Aqueous Systems

The electrical resistance of non-aqueous electrolytic solutions is often much higher than that of aqueous ones, and so polarographic and voltammetric measurements in non-aqueous solutions should be made with a three-electrode device. A computer-aided three-electrode instrument, equipped with a circuit for iR-drop compensa- 

1) Tile situation up to the early 1960s is reviewed in Talanta 1965, 12, 1211 (Takahashi, R.), 1229 (Wawzonek, S.). 

When three-electrode devices are used, reference electrodes similar to those in potentiometry (Section 6.1.2) are applicable, because no appreciable current flows through them. The reference electrodes used in non-aqueous solutions can be classified into two groups [1, 2, 5, 10]. Reference electrodes of the first group are prepared by using the solvent under study and those of the second group are 

Solvent Positive limit Negative limit Solvent Positive limit Negative limit 

2) Water was removed by anodic pre-electrolysis of the electrolytic solution at positive potentials (see Sec. 11.1.2). 

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