Antiseptic effect

Disinfection destroys pathogenic organisms. This procedure can render an object safe for use. Disinfectants include solutions of hypochlorites, tinctures of iodine or iodophores, phenoHc derivatives, quaternary ammonium salts, ethyl alcohol, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and hydrogen peroxide (see Disinfectants AND antiseptics). Effective use of disinfected materials must be judged by properly trained personnel. 

N.A. Alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, delta-limonene.98-99 Mild antiseptic effect, essential oil for asthma, respiratory infections, digestive disorder. 

Salt of Salicylic Acid. A large number of salts of salicylic acid have been prepared and evaluated for therapeutic or other commercial use. Sodium salicylate has analgesic, antiinflammatory, and antipyretic activities. Magnesium salicylate, an analgesic and antiinflammatory agent, appears to have exceptional ability to relieve backaches. It is also used for the symptomatic relief of arthritis. Bismuth subsalicylate is taken orally in combination with other ingredients for protective, antacid action as well as antidiaiiheal and antiseptic effects. 

Gloor, M. et al., Antiseptic effect of a topical dermatological formulation that contains Hamamelis distillate and urea. Forsch. Komplementarmed. Klass. Naturheilkd. 9, 153-159, 2002. 

Mouthwash An aqueous solution which is most often used for its deodorant, refreshing, or antiseptic effect. 

An apparently related effect due to membrane curvature is the phenomenon of immunosuppression induced by cationic surfactants. The cationic quaternary ammonium and pyridinium surfactants are widely used as sterilising (antibacterial) agents in an enormous variety of applications. Although the biochemical and genetic mechanism by which bacteria like streptococcus aureus develop immimity to these is not understood, it appears certain that the antiseptic effect is simply related to membrane disruption. At and above the critical micelle concentration ("cmc", discussed in Chapter 3),... 

Locally, antipyrine exerts a paralytic action on the sensory and the motor nerves, resulting in some anesthesia and vaso-cnastriction. and it also exerts a feeble antiseptic effect. Sys-icmically. it causes results that on very similar to those of acetanilid. although they arc usually more rapid. It is readily absorbed after oral administration, circulates freely, and is etcieted chiefly by the kidneys without having been changed i.hemically. Any abnormal temperature is reduced rapidly... 

Hexamine is employed in medicine under the name urotropin as a urinary antiseptic, effective because it slowly releases formaldehyde and ammonia and renders urine basic. 

Povidone-iodine is an iodophore in which povidone, a vinyl polymer, acts as a carrier for iodine, allowing its gradual release for antimicrobial and antiseptic effect. It is less potent than preparations containing free iodine but is less toxic. 

PEPPERMINT, Menthae piperitae aetheroluem The drug is used as a stomatological preparation (AOl) and has spasmolytic, cholagogue and antiseptic effects besides its carminative action. 

UVA URSI, Bearberry Leaf, Uvae ursi folium, Arctostaphylos uva ursi (L.) Spreng, family Ericaceae. The dried leaves constitute the drug. Besides arbutin (not less than 8%) and methylarbutin, the leaves also contain tannins. 1.5-4.0g dried leaves given by infusion three times daily gives an antiseptic effect (by hydrolysis to hydroquinone) in the urinary tract, when the urine is kept alkaline. The maximal antibacterial effect is reached about 3 hours after administration. 

Thymol has an antiseptic effect (25 times stronger than phenol), antispasmodic, anti-tnssive, expectorant, and astringent properties, and the flavonoids also have activity as antispasmodics in bronchial muscle. 

Like Aniseed, Fennel has a secretolytic, spasmolytic, carminative and antiseptic effect with the same use as anise. 

The snlfonamides are structurally related to p-aminoben-zoic acid. The presence of a free p-amino gronp is essential for the antibacterial action. Succinylsulfathiazole (sulfasuxi-dine) and phthalysnlfathiazole (sulfathalidine) are agents with a snbstitnted p-amino group. These intestinal antiseptics are slowly hydrolyzed in the intestine, releasing sulfathiazole, which exerts antiseptic effects against the coliform and clostridial organisms. 

In explanation of the fact that egg white of infected eggs usually has less bacteria than egg yolk, Rettger and Sperry (1912) reported that egg white has an antiseptic property. They say that this antiseptic effect is more active at 37 degrees C. than at 20 degrees C. 

The drug exerts its antiseptic effect in the inflammations of the throat and nose. It is quite often employed by inhalation in bronchitis. 

In wine preserved with regular, light sulfuring, the sulfite combination of ethanal (CH3-CHOH-SO3H), stable in an acid medium, is the most prevalent form (Volume 1, Section 8.4.1). When grapes have been heavily sulfured, the ethanal concentration increases and may exceed 100 mg/1, also combined with sulfite. This sulfite combination of ethanal protects yeast from the antiseptic effects of SO2. 

Among various types of nanomaterials, metal nanoparticles, especially silver nanoparticles, have great importance. Antimicrobial activity is the main feature determining the popularity of this nanometal. Sources of specialized scientific literature provide many reports on its preparation, properties, and applications in these fields of science or industry where aseptic and antiseptic effects are particularly desirable (medicine, nursing, cosmetology, optics, bioengineering, botany, construction industry, textile, and food industries) (Jung et al., 2008). 

Effect of pH Miiller-Thurgau and Osterwalder (1914) were the first to observe that sulfurous acid and its salts were effective as preservatives only in acid media. Perry and Beal (1920) confirmed this by finding that with more acid solutions the lower the concentration required to inhibit fermentation and mold growth. Bioletti and Cruess (1912) did not find that acidity or sugar content was involved in the decrease in antiseptic effect of SO2 in ripe as compared with unripe grapes. Subsequently however, Cruess and Irish (1932), Cruess (1932), and Cruess et al. (1931) in their investigations of the effect of pH on toxicity of sulfurous acid and... 

In contrast to more recent studies, past clinical trials were often very defective in design and also outcomes. In a recent review, Cooke and Ernst (2000) included only those aromatherapy trials that were randomized and included human patients they excluded those with no control group or if only local effects (e.g., antiseptic effects of tea tree oil) or preclinical studies on healthy volunteers occurred. The six trials included massage with or without aromatherapy (Buckle, 1993 Stevenson, 1994 Corner et al., 1995 Dunn et al., 1995 Wilkinson, 1995 Wilkinson et ah, 1999) and were based on their relaxation outcomes. The authors concluded that the effects of aromatherapy were probably not strong enough for it to be considered for the treatment of anxiety or for any other indication. 

In the EU (EC Directive 76/768) a product is considered a cosmetic as long as its intended use is as a care or protective product, and it makes no illness-specific claims and is not used internally (Heinzel, 1999b). Products claiming an antiseptic effect (medical claim against sepsis) are not considered cosmetics, but pharmaceutical products (EEC, 1965). Disinfectants are either classified as medieal produets (EEC, 1993) or fall under the jurisdietion of bioeide guidelines (EC, 1998). 

Thus, an elevated amount of sugar hinders yeast growth and decreases the maximum population. Consequently, fermentation slows even before the production of a significant quantity of ethanol— which normally has an antiseptic effect (Section 3.6.1). 

Fruit widely regarded as possessing bacteriostatic activity for urinary tract infections. Antibacterial activity has been variously, though not conclusively attributed to anthocyanins flavonol glycosides catechin volatile components and benzoic, quinic, malic, and citric acids (crellin and philpott). It has been suggested and disputed that the urinary antiseptic effect is due to the action of hippuric acid. Other studies suggest cranberry juice possesses antiadhesion activity to mucous membrane Escherichia coli,... 

Dietary Supplements/Health Foods. Crude and extracts used in various capsule, tablet, and tea formulations with an intended diuretic or urinary antiseptic effect also as tea flavoring due to tannin content (foster and duke). 

Bahna, P Hanna, H. A. Dvorak, T Vaporciyan, A. Chambers, M. Raad, I. Antiseptic effect of a novel alcohol-free mouthwash a convenient prophylactic alternative for high-risk patients. Oral Oncol. 2007, 43, 159-164. 

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