Streptococcus aureus

Yersinia enterolitica °. Ethanol (90%) extract of the dried rhizome, on agar plate at a concentration of 500 mg/disc, produced weak activity on Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli. Streptococcus aureus, and Streptococcus faecalis L Hot water extract of the dried rhizome, on agar plate at a concentration of 50 mg/disc, was inactive on Salmonella typhimurium TAIOO and TA98" . 

MRSA = methicillin-resistant Streptococcus aureus, MRSE = methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermitis, PRSP = peniciUin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, and VRE = vancomycin-resistant enterococci. 

The 10 ppm silver composition of the present invention was tested and found to be both bacteriostatic and bactericidal for all organisms tested. In other studies, this composition was compared to other commercially available colloidal silver products and found to have a superior activity to all other preparations tested (data not shown). The most interesting observation was the broad spectrum that the 10 ppm silver composition possesses. The antimicrobial activity that was observed was fairly constant independent of the particular organism tested. With the exception of Streptococcus faecalis and Streptococcus aureus (which had MIC values of 10 ppm and 5 ppm, respectively), MIC values ranged between 1.25 ppm and 2.5 ppm for both gram... 

Table 3 The effect of selected experimental agents in suppressing mitogen-induced proliferation in response to PHA and Streptococcus aureus and to inhibit cytokine production...

An apparently related effect due to membrane curvature is the phenomenon of immunosuppression induced by cationic surfactants. The cationic quaternary ammonium and pyridinium surfactants are widely used as sterilising (antibacterial) agents in an enormous variety of applications. Although the biochemical and genetic mechanism by which bacteria like streptococcus aureus develop immimity to these is not understood, it appears certain that the antiseptic effect is simply related to membrane disruption. At and above the critical micelle concentration ("cmc", discussed in Chapter 3),... 

Jatrorrhizine was found to exhibit toxicity to P388 cells (ED50 2.0 pg/ml) and to brine shrimp (LDj0 0.2 pg/ml), but was inactive in antibacterial assays against Escherichia coli, Streptococcus aureus, or Bacillus subtilis, at concentrations up to 100 pg/ml)[291]. 

Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Can be used as components of effective industrial antimicrobial agents with low mutagenicity Active against Escherichia coli and Streptococcus aureus and nontoxic toward human epithelial cells. Can be used as highly active antimicrobial agents nontoxic toward plants and mammals... 

Bhakdi, S., and Tranum-Jensen, J. (1991) Alpha toxin of Streptococcus aureus. Microbiol. Rev. 55, 733-751. 

Biphenomycin B 11 is a 15-membered cyclic tripeptide isolated from the culture broths of Streptomyces filipinensis and S. griseorubuginosus. This compound displayed potent activity against Gram-positive, p-lactam-resistant bacteria, such as Streptococcus aureus. Enterococcus faecalis, or Streptococcus sp. The enantioselective total syntheses of biphenomycin B 11 using an asymmetric phase-transfer alkylation were reported by two groups. 

Fire ant venom alkaloidal natural products (25, 6/()-dihy-dropinidine and (2S,6/ )-isosolenopsins 254 are well known for the inhibition of different bacteria Uke Streptococcus pneumonia. Streptococcus aureus, E. coli, etc. The total synthesis of enantiopure alkaloids was achieved by Hu et al. in four steps starting from the (50-Betti base... 

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