Genetic mechanisms

The Generation of Diverse Toxins Genetic Mechanisms and Evolution... 

A core assumption of ultra-Darwinism is that if not all, then most observed characters must be adaptive, so as to provide the phenotypic material upon which natural selection can act. However, what constitutes a character - and what constitutes an adaptation - is as much in the eye of the beholder as in the organism that is beheld, as Gould and Lewontin pointed out in their famous paper on spandrels (Gould and Lewontin, 1979). Natural selection s continual scrutiny does not give it an a la carte freedom to accept or reject genotypic or phenotypic variation. Structural constraints insist that evolutionary, genetic mechanisms are not infinitely flexible but must work within the limits of what is physically or chemically possible (for instance, the limits to the size of a single cell occasioned by the physics of diffusion processes, the size of a crustacean like a lobster or crab by the constraints... 

Novicik, A. and Szilard, L. (1951). Genetic mechanisms in bacteria and bacterial viruses. I. Experiments on spontaneous and chemically induced mutations of bacteria growing in the chemostat. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 16 337-343. 

Linder, M.W., "Genetic Mechanisms for Hypersensitivity and Resistance to the Anticoagulant Warfarin," Clin. Chim. Acta, 308, 9-15 (2001). 

Goodnow, C.C. et al., Cellular and genetic mechanisms of self tolerance and autoimmunity, Nature, 435, 590, 2005. 

Asthma rates in children in Southern California are high and oxidant pollution levels are likewise high. It is important to determine the relationship between the two. It is also important to determine whether there are chronic pulmonary effects produced by either these oxidants and/or particulate pollution. Since children spend more time outdoors than adults and since they exercise more while outdoors, the added assault from increased ventilation may be of importance. The studies feature a comprehensive exposure assessment that has led to a better understanding of the relationship between exposure and effects. It is also important to identify sub-populations of children and adults who are more susceptible to air pollution-related respiratory effects if they exist. Altered susceptibility could be based on genetic or non-genetic mechanisms (nutritional status for example). Both the epidemiologic and chamber studies provide opportunities to examine issues of hypersusceptibility and to determine the reasons for it if it exists. 

H16. Hugh-Jones, K., Newcomb, A. L., and Hsia, D. Y-Y., The genetic mechanism of galactosaemia. Arch. Disease Childhood 35, 521-528 (1960). 

Gl. Galatius-Jensen, F., Investigations of the genetic mechanism of the haptoglobins with a view to the medico-legal aspects. Acta med. legalis et socialis 9, 41 (1956). 

Aging is an inevitable process characterised by continuous decline in function and increased susceptibility to disease. With aging there is also a decreased ability to adapt to external changes. There are many theories explaining how the process of aging occurs. These theories include oxidative stress and various genetic mechanisms. 

Kim SH, Ye YM, Lee SK, Park HS. (2006) Genetic mechanism of aspirin-induced urticaria/ angioedema. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 6, 266-270. 

Studies of genetic mechanisms and biochemical pathways of hydrogen metabolism. 

Lee, E.A. et al.. Genetic mechanisms underlying apimaysin and maysin synthesis and corn ear-worm antibiosis in maize Zea mays L.), Genetics, 149, 1997, 1998. 

Wood, W. B. (1973). Genetic control of bacteriophage T4 morphogenesis. In Genetic Mechanisms of Development, ed. E. J. Ruddle. Academic Press, pp. 29 6. 

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